Showing posts with label multiple personality disorder. Show all posts
Showing posts with label multiple personality disorder. Show all posts
Friday, March 22, 2024
Bennett G. Braun’s research (with information about the Burgus v. Braun legal case)
The BASK Model of Dissociation Bennett G. Braun, M.D. ABSTRACT The BASK model conceptualizes the complex phenomenology of dissociation along with dimensions of Behavior, Affect, Sensation, and Knowledge. The process of dissociation itself, hypnosis, and the clinical mental disorders that constitute the dissociative disorders are described in terms of this model, and illustrated.
Psychiatry Research
Intellectual functioning of inpatients with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified.
Rorschach Indicators of Multiple Personality Disorder Sep 1992 SUSAN M. LABOTT. FRANK LEAVITT. BENNETT G. BRAUN, ROBERTA G. SACHS
Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 2, p. 120-124 : Frequency of EEG abnormalities in a large dissociative population
Factor analytic investigation of the WAIS-R among patients with dissociative psychopathology
Patterns of Dissociation in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples
Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for Multiple Personality Disorder: A multicenter study
Psychopathology, Hypnotizability, and dissociation Article Dec 1992 E J Frischholz L S Lipman B G Braun
Construct Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale: II. Its Relationship to Hypnotizability
Suggested Posthypnotic Amnesia in Psychiatric Patients and Normals Aug 1992 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Laurie S. Lipman Roberta Sachs
Construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES): I. The relationship between the DES and other self-report measures of DES. Dec 1991 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Roberta G. Sachs David R. Schwartz
Historical reliability: a key to differentiating populations among patients presenting signs of multiple personality disorder. Nov 1991 FRANK LEAVITT BENNETT BRAUN
Patients reporting ritual abuse in childhood: A clinical syndrome. Report of 37 cases
The Dissociative Experiences Scale: Further replication and validation
Hypnosis and Eyewitness Testimony Feb 1986 Patrick A Tuite Bennett G Braun Edward J Frischholz
Disciplined doctor licensed in Montana – Associated Press – October 16, 2003 By Bob Anez
Wednesday, October 5, 2022
Evidence that Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD) is caused by Childhood Trauma
Evidence that Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD) is caused by Childhood Trauma
Conclusive evidence that Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD) is caused by extensive childhood trauma and not iatrogenically (resulting from the activity of physicians) or socially. Individual identities have been shown to have clear physiological differences. These are only a few of the many studies available in professional journals and research books.
Child Abuse Wiki – Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative identity disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD) is defined in the DSM-IV-TR as the presence of two or more personality states or distinct identities that repeatedly take control of one’s behavior. The patient has an inability to recall personal information. The extent of this lack of recall is too great to be explained by normal forgetfulness. The disorder cannot be due to the direct physical effects of a general medical condition or substance.
DID entails a failure to integrate certain aspects of memory, consciousness and identity. Patients experience frequent gaps in their memory for their personal history, past and present. Patients with DID report having severe physical and sexual abuse, especially during childhood. The reports of patients with DID are often validated by objective evidence.
Causes
The causes of dissociative identity disorder are theoretically linked with the interaction of overwhelming stress, traumatic antecedents, insufficient childhood nurturing, and an innate ability to dissociate memories or experiences from consciousness. Prolonged child abuse is frequently a factor, with a very high percentage of patients reporting documented abuse often confirmed by objective evidence. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that patients with DID often report having a history of severe physical and sexual abuse. The reports of patients suffering from DID are “often confirmed by objective evidence,” and the DSM notes that the abusers in those situations may be inclined to “deny or distort” these acts. Research has consistently shown that DID is characterized by reports of extensive childhood trauma, usually child abuse. Dissociation is recognized as a symptomatic presentation in response to psychological trauma, extreme emotional stress, and in association with emotional dysregulation and borderline personality disorder. A study of 12 murderers established the connection between early severe abuse and DID. A recent psychobiological study shows that dissociative identity disorder (DID) sufferers’ “origins of their ailment stem more likely from trauma” than sociogenic or iatrogenic origins.
There is strong evidence that DID is not a culture bound phenomenon. Dissociative disorders have been found in more than a dozen countries. DID has been found in China and Turkey.
Physiological Evidence
Physiological evidence has provided additional evidence to back the existence of DID. One review of the literature found “physiologic and ocular differences across alter personalities.” Additional studies have been found showing optical differences in DID cases. One study found that “eight of the nine MPD subjects consistently manifested physiologically distinct alter personality states.” Other reviews have found additional physiological differences. Brain mapping has also found physiological differences in alternate personalities. A variety of psychiatric rating scales found that multiple personality is strongly related to childhood trauma rather than to an underlying electrophysiological dysfunction. Dissociative identity disorder patients have been found to have smaller hippocampal and amygdalar volumes than healthy subjects. The involvement of the orbitalfrontal cortex has been proposed in the development of DID, suggesting a possible neurodevelopmental mechanism that would be responsible for the development of “multiple representations of self.” More recent research presents psychobiological evidence indicating actual physical alter states not found in controls.
with permission from http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Dissociative_Identity_Disorder
Research Evidence showing a connection between Dissociative Identity Disorder and Trauma
Objective Documentation of Child Abuse and Dissociation in 12 Murderers With Dissociative Identity Disorder
“Signs and symptoms of dissociative identity disorder in childhood and adulthood were corroborated independently and from several sources in all 12 cases; objective evidence of severe abuse was obtained in 11 cases. The subjects had amnesia for most of the abuse and underreported it. Marked changes in writing style and/or signatures were documented in 10 cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes, once and for all, the linkage between early severe abuse and dissociative identity disorder.”
http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1703
Multiple personality disorder in The Netherlands: a clinical investigation of 71 patients.
The presenting characteristics of the patients showed a striking resemblance to those in several large North American series. Patients had spent an average of 8.2 years in the mental health system prior to correct diagnosis. Patients presented with many different symptoms and frequently received other psychiatric or neurological diagnoses. A history of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse was reported by 94.4% of the subjects, and 80.6% met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Patients with multiple personality disorder have a stable set of core symptoms throughout North America as well as in Europe.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8434668?dopt=Abstract
Abuse histories in 102 cases of multiple personality disorder.
The authors interviewed 102 individuals with clinical diagnoses of multiple personality disorder at four centres using the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule. The patients reported high rates of childhood trauma: 90.2% had been sexually abused, 82.4% physically abused, and 95.1% subjected to one or both forms of child abuse. Over 50% of subjects reported initial physical and sexual abuse before age five. The average duration of both types of abuse was ten years, and numerous different perpetrators were identified. Subjects were equally likely to be physically abused by their mothers or fathers. Sexual abusers were more often male than female, but a substantial amount of sexual abuse was perpetrated by mothers, female relatives, and other females. Multiple personality disorder appears to be a response to chronic trauma originating during a vulnerable period in childhood.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2044042?dopt=Abstract
Evidence Against Iatrogenic and Sociocognitive Models of Dissociative Identity Disorder
Evidence against the iatrogenesis of multiple personality disorder
The authors present data which argue against the iatrogenesis of multiple personality disorder (MPD). Twenty-two cases reported by one Canadian psychiatrist, 23 cases reported by a second Canadian psychiatrist, 48 cases seen by 44 American psychiatrists specializing in MPD, and 44 cases seen by 40 Canadian general psychiatrists without a special interest in MPD are compared. The Canadian general psychiatrists had seen an average of 2.2 cases of MPD, while the Americans had seen an average of 160. There were no differences between these groups on the diagnostic criteria, for MPD or the number of personalities identified. Specialists in MPD are not influencing their patients to create an increased number of personalities or to endorse more diagnostic criteria. Exposure to hypnosis does not appear to influence the phenomenology of MPD.
https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1424
Iatrogenic DID-An Evaluation of the Scientific Evidence: D. Brown, E. Frischholz & A. Scheflin” from The fall-winter 1999 issue of “The Journal of Psychiatry & Law – “Conclusions…At present the scientific evidence is insufficient and inadequate to support plaintiffs’ complaints that suggestive influences allegedly operative in psychotherapy can create a major psychiatric disorder like MPD per se…there is virtually no support for the unique contribution of hypnosis to the alleged iatrogenic creation of MPD in appropriately controlled research.….alter shaping is not to be confused with alter creation.” p. 624
The sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder: A reexamination of the evidence.
According to the sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder (DID; formerly, multiple personality disorder), DID is not a valid psychiatric disorder of posttraumatic origin; rather, it is a creation of psychotherapy and the media….No reason exists to doubt the connection between DID and childhood trauma. Treatment recommendations that follow from the sociocognitive model may be harmful because they involve ignoring the posttraumatic symptomatology of persons with DID.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-00574-006
Dissociative identity disorder is a real condition, and it’s not quite as rare as you might imagine. https://psychcentral.com/disorders/dissociative-identity-disorder
Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder Bethany L. Brand, PhD, Vedat Sar, MD, Pam Stavropoulos, PhD, Christa Krüger, MB BCh, MMed (Psych), MD, Marilyn Korzekwa, MD, Alfonso Martínez-Taboas, PhD, and Warwick Middleton, MB BS, FRANZCP, MD – Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2016 Jul; 24(4): 257–270. Published online 2016 Jul 8. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000100 PMCID: PMC4959824 PMID: 27384396
Abstract: Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a complex, posttraumatic, developmental disorder for which we now, after four decades of research, have an authoritative research base, but a number of misconceptualizations and myths about the disorder remain, compromising both patient care and research. This article examines the empirical literature pertaining to recurrently expressed beliefs regarding DID: (1) belief that DID is a fad, (2) belief that DID is primarily diagnosed in North America by DID experts who overdiagnose the disorder, (3) belief that DID is rare, (4) belief that DID is an iatrogenic, rather than trauma-based, disorder, (5) belief that DID is the same entity as borderline personality disorder, and (6) belief that DID treatment is harmful to patients. The absence of research to substantiate these beliefs, as well as the existence of a body of research that refutes them, confirms their mythical status. Clinicians who accept these myths as facts are unlikely to carefully assess for dissociation. Accurate diagnoses are critical for appropriate treatment planning. “DID is a legitimate and distinct psychiatric disorder that is recognizable worldwide and can be reliably identified in multiple settings by appropriately trained researchers and clinicians. The research shows that DID is a trauma-based disorder that generally responds well to treatment consistent with DID treatment guidelines.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959824/
Fact or Factitious? A Psychobiological Study of Authentic and Simulated Dissocative Identity States
The findings are at odds with the idea that differences among different types of dissociative identity states in DID can be explained by high fantasy proneness, motivated role-enactment, and suggestion. They indicate that DID does not have a sociocultural (e.g., iatrogenic) origin. For the first time, it is shown using brain imaging that neither high nor low fantasy prone healthy women, who enacted two different types of dissociative identity states, were able to substantially simulate these identity states in psychobiological terms. These results do not support the idea of a sociogenic origin for DID.”
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039279
The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: review of 100 recent cases F W Putnam, E K Silberman, L Barban, R M Post J Clin Psychiatry . 1986 Jun;47(6):285-93. PMID: 3711025 Abstract : The clinical syndrome of multiple personality disorder (MPD) is an unusual dissociative condition that has been poorly characterized. In an attempt to better delineate the clinical phenomenology of MPD, 100 recent cases were collected on a 386-item questionnaire completed by clinicians involved in the treatment of MPD patients. This study documents the existence of a clinical syndrome characterized by a core of depressive and dissociative symptoms and a childhood history of significant trauma, primarily child abuse. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3711025/
Physiological Evidence Showing Physical Differences Between Dissociative Identity Disorder Identity States
Multiple personality disorder. A clinical investigation of 50 cases.
To study the clinical phenomenology of multiple personality, 50 consecutive patients with DSM-III multiple personality disorder were assessed using clinical history, psychiatric interview, neurological examination, electroencephalogram, MMPI, intelligence testing, and a variety of psychiatric rating scales. Results revealed that patients with multiple personality are usually women who present with depression, suicide attempts, repeated amnesic episodes, and a history of childhood trauma, particularly sexual abuse. Also common were headaches, hysterical conversion, and sexual dysfunction. Intellectual level varied from borderline to superior. The MMPI reflected underlying character pathology in addition to depression and dissociation. Significant neurological or electroencephalographical abnormalities were infrequent. These data suggest that the etiology of multiple personality is strongly related to childhood trauma rather than to an underlying electrophysiological dysfunction.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3418321
Psychobiological characteristics of dissociative identity disorder: a symptom provocation study.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients function as two or more identities or dissociative identity states (DIS), categorized as ‘neutral identity states’ (NIS) and ‘traumatic identity states’ (TIS). NIS inhibit access to traumatic memories thereby enabling daily life functioning. TIS have access and responses to these memories. We tested whether these DIS show different psychobiological reactions to trauma-related memory.
RESULTS:
Psychobiological differences were found for the different DIS. Subjective and cardiovascular reactions revealed significant main and interactions effects. Regional cerebral blood flow data revealed different neural networks to be associated with different processing of the neutral and trauma-related memory script by NIS and TIS.
CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with DID encompass at least two different DIS. These identities involve different subjective reactions, cardiovascular responses and cerebral activation patterns to a trauma-related memory script.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008145
One Brain, Two Selves
Our findings reveal the existence of different regional cerebral blood flow patterns for different senses of self. We present evidence for the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the posterior associative cortices to have an integral role in conscious experience. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14683715
Research Articles and Books about Dissociative Identity Disorder and MPD
Overcoming Multiple Personality Disorder By Anne Underwood
Multiple personality disorder is a perplexing phenomenon to outside observers, believed to be brought on by persistent childhood abuse. What is it like living with MPD? And how does a sufferer function, with so many alternate personalities—or “alters”—some of them adults and some children? NEWSWEEK’s Anne Underwood spoke with Karen Overhill—a former sufferer and the subject of a new book, “Switching Time,” by Dr. Richard Baer.
http://www.newsweek.com/overcoming-multiple-personality-disorder-103403
Multiple personality and dissociation, 1791-1992: a complete bibliography
https://books.google.com/books/about/Multiple_Personality_Dissociation_1791_1.html?id=LmqRAAAACAAJ
The official journal of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD), published between 1988 and 1997
https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1129
Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder
This ground-breaking book examines the role of crime in the lives of people with Dissociative Identity Disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, a condition which appears to be caused by prolonged trauma in infancy and childhood. This trauma may be linked with crimes committed against them, crimes they have witnessed, and crimes they have committed under duress.
https://www.karnacbooks.com/product/forensic-aspects-of-dissociative-identity-disorder/25876/
Trauma And Dissociation in a Cross-cultural Perspective: Not Just a North American Phenomenon
An international look at the similarities and differences of long-lasting trauma – Trauma and Dissociation in a Cross-Cultural Perspective examines the psychological, sociological, political, economic, and cultural aspects of trauma and its consequences on people around the world. Dispelling the myth that trauma-related dissociative disorders are a North American phenomenon, this unique book travels through more than a dozen countries to analyze the effects of long-lasting traumatization-both natural and man-made-on adults and children. http://www.amazon.com/Trauma-Dissociation-Cross-cultural-Perspective-Phenomenon/dp/0789034077
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Trauma_and_Dissociation_in_a_Cross_Cultu/3o_INBmLmeEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Trauma+And+Dissociation+in+a+Cross-cultural+Perspective:+Not+Just+a+North+American+Phenomenon&printsec=frontcover
Sybil in Her Own Words Patrick Suraci Psychologist
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/patrick-suraci/post_2699_b_1152241.html
Sybil and Multiple Personality Disorder
http://sybilandmpd.blogspot.com/
Review of “Sybil in her own words”
http://sybilandmpd.blogspot.com/2011/11/review-of-sybil-in-her-own-words-by.html
Twenty-Two Faces – Inside the Extraordinary Life of Jenny Hill and Her Twenty-Two Multiple Personalities Judy Byington
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/twenty-two-faces-inside-the-extraordinary-life-of-jenny-hill-and-her-twenty-two-multiple-personalities-judy-byington-msw-lcsw/
Open Letter to Dr. Phil From Jenny Hill
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/open-letter-to-dr-phil-from-jenny-hill/
Basic Information on DID
Basic Information on Dissociative Identity Disorder with sections on Basic Information on DID from the DSM-IV-TR, The History of DID/MPD, Diagnosing DID, Responses to those that state that DID is iatrogenic or a social construct, MPD/DID connection to severe abuse, Recent information and DID resources,
Physiological studies showing differences between DID patients and non-DID patients
https://ritualabuse.us/research/did/basic-information-on-didmpd/
Research and Information on Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder) http://ritualabuse.us/research/did/
Disinformation and DID: the Politics of Memory – Brian Moss, MA, MFT
Information on the False Memory Syndrome, Mind Control, Dissociative Identity Disorder, The Media, Ritual Abuse, The Nazis and Programming.
http://ritualabuse.us/research/did/disinformation-and-did-the-politics-of-memory/
Secret Weapons – Two Sisters’ Terrifying True Story of Sex, Spies and Sabotage by Cheryl and Lynn Hersha with Dale Griffis, Ph D. and Ted Schwartz. New Horizon Press ISBN 0-88282-196-2 Is a well-documented, verifiable account of not one, but two childrens’ long untold stories of being CHILD subjects of Project MKUltra. Quotes from the book: “By the time Cheryl Hersha came to the facility, knowledge of multiple personality was so complete that doctors understood how the mind separated into distinct ego states,each unaware of the other. First, the person traumatized had to be both extremely intelligent and under the age of seven, two conditions not yet understood though remaining consistent as factors. The trauma was almost always of a sexual nature…” p. 52 “The government researchers,aware of the information in the professional journals, decided to reverse the process (of healing from hysteric dissociation). They decided to use selective trauma on healthy children to create personalities capable of committing acts desired for national security and defense.” p. 53 – 54
Thursday, February 4, 2021
Bennett Braun
Bennett G. Braun’s research
(with information about the Burgus v. Braun legal case)
Bennett Braun was a famous doctor that worked in the field of dissociation and trauma in the 1980’s and early 1990’s. He created the BASK Model of Dissociation, a model for understanding and healing dissociation that is still used by some today.
The BASK Model of Dissociation Bennett G. Braun,
M.D. ABSTRACT The BASK model conceptualizes the complex phenomenology of
dissociation along with dimensions of Behavior, Affect, Sensation, and
Knowledge. The process of dissociation itself, hypnosis, and the
clinical mental disorders that constitute the dissociative disorders are
described in terms of this model, and illustrated.
https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1276/Diss_1_1_2_OCR_rev.pdf
Psychiatry Research
Volume 15, Issue 4, August 1985, Pages 253-260
Psychiatry Research
Dissociative states in multiple personality disorder: A quantitative study
Edward K.Silberman
Frank W.Putnam Herbert Weingartner Bennett G. Robert M.Post
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(85)90062-9
Multiple personality disorder (MPD) patients may experience themselves
as several discrete alter personalities who do not share consciousness
or memories with one another. In this study, we asked whether MPD
patients are different from controls in their ability to learn and
remember, and their ability to compartmentalize information. MPD
patients were not found to differ from controls in overall memory level.
Learning of information by MPD patients in disparate personality states
did not result in greater compartmentalization than that of which
control subjects were capable. However, there were qualitative
differences between the cognitive performance of patients and that of
controls attempting to role-play alter personalities. Our results
suggest that simple confabulation is not an adequate model for the MPD
syndrome, and we consider a possible role for state-dependent learning
in the phenomenology of MPD.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0165178185900629
Intellectual functioning of inpatients with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified.
Rossini, E. D., Schwartz, D. R., & Braun, B. G. (1996). Intellectual
functioning of inpatients with dissociative identity disorder and
dissociative disorder not otherwise specified. Journal of Nervous and
Mental Disease, 184(5), 289–294.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199605000-00004
Abstract
Examined the intellectual functioning of 50 inpatients with multiple
personality disorder (MPD) and 55 inpatients with dissociative disorder
(DSD) not otherwise specified using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale–Revised (WAIS–R) as part of a comprehensive research protocol. No
significant intellectual differences were found between MPD and DSD Ss
on any major IQ summary score or on any of the age-adjusted empirical
factor scores. A significant subsample of MPD Ss manifested abnormal
intertest scatter on the WAIS-R verbal subtests, and this variability
was attributed to subtle neuropsychological deficits on the
Memory/Distractibility factor. Results suggest that dissociative
patients might need to be evaluated for attention deficit disorder in
addition to the range of dissociative symptoms in a comprehensive
evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-00445-004
Rorschach Indicators of Multiple Personality Disorder Sep 1992 SUSAN M. LABOTT. FRANK LEAVITT. BENNETT G. BRAUN, ROBERTA G. SACHS
The increase in reported cases of Multiple Personality Disorder
underscores a great need to differentiate clearly this from other
psychiatric disorders and from simulation of Multiple Personality
Disorder. Two sets of Rorschach signs have been advanced as clinical
markers by their developers, namely Barach and also Wagner, Allison, and
Wagner.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1009.5788&rep=rep1&type=pdf
From https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Bennett-G-Braun-73957132
Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 2, p. 120-124 : Frequency of EEG abnormalities in a large dissociative population
Article Jun 1997
Bennett G. Braun David R. Schwartz Howard M. Kravitz Jordan Waxman
Frequency of EEG abnormalities in a large dissociative population
Article Jun 1997 B.G. Braun D.R. Schwartz H.M. Kravitz J. Waxman
A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the frequency of
electroencephalographic abnormalities, particularly those suggesting
temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), among patients with dissociative
disorders.
Factor analytic investigation of the WAIS-R among patients with dissociative psychopathology
Article Mar 1997 D.R. Schwartz E.D. Rossini B.G. Braun G.M. Stein
The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised
(WAIS-R) was examined among 133 participants diagnosed with a
dissociative disorder.
Patterns of Dissociation in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples
Dec 1996 FRANK W. PUTNAM Eve B Carlson Colin A. Ross BENNETT G. BRAUN
Research has consistently found elevated mean dissociation scores in particular diagnostic groups.
Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for Multiple Personality Disorder: A multicenter study
Article Aug 1993 Eve B Carlson F W Putnam Colin A. Ross B G Braun
The Dissociative Experiences Scale has proved a reliable and valid
instrument to measure dissociation in many groups, but its capacity to
distinguish patients with multiple personality disorder from patients
with other psychiatric disorders has not yet been conclusively tested.
Psychopathology, Hypnotizability, and dissociation Article Dec 1992 E J Frischholz L S Lipman B G Braun
R G Sachs
The purpose of the study was to replicate and extend previous findings
regarding the hypnotizability of different clinical groups. The authors
compared the differential hypnotizability of four psychiatric
groups–patients with dissociative disorders (N = 17), schizophrenia (N =
13), mood disorders (N = 13), and anxiety disorders (N = 14)
Bupropion-Associated Mania in a Patient with HIV Infection Nov 1992 Christopher Glenn Fichtner BENNETT G. BRAUN
Construct Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale: II. Its Relationship to Hypnotizability
Oct 1992 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Roberta G. Sachs Jim Pasquotto
Undergraduates (n = 311) who volunteered to participate in an experiment
on “Hypnotizability and Personality” filled out several personality
questionnaires (including the Dissociative Experiences Scale; DES), were
administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility
(HGSHS), and completed a self-rating of hypnotizability.
Suggested Posthypnotic Amnesia in Psychiatric Patients and Normals Aug 1992 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Laurie S. Lipman Roberta Sachs
The present study examined both quantitative and qualitative
hypnotizability differences among four psychiatric patient groups
(dissociative disorder (n = 17), schizophrenic (n = 13), mood disorder
(n = 14), and anxiety disorder (n = 14) patients), and normals (college
students (n = 63).
Construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES): I.
The relationship between the DES and other self-report measures of DES.
Dec 1991 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Roberta G. Sachs David
R. Schwartz
Administered the DES, the Tellegen Absorption Scale (ABS), the
Perceptual Alteration Scale (PAS), the Yellen Ambiguity Intolerance
Scale (YAIS), and the Jenkins Activity Schedule to 311 undergraduates.
The DES total score (and 3 DES factor scores) correlated with the ABS
and PAS and YAIS overall scores.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1009.5788&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Historical reliability: a key to differentiating populations among patients presenting signs of multiple personality disorder. Nov 1991 FRANK LEAVITT BENNETT BRAUN
The clinical value of inconsistencies in the historical data of patients
presenting with signs of multiple personality disorder was assessed.
Three major inconsistencies in historical data were identified in 23
patients who were admitted to a Dissociative Disorders Program with a
diagnosis of Multiple Personality Disorder.
Patients reporting ritual abuse in childhood: A clinical syndrome. Report of 37 cases
Feb 1991 Walter C. Young Roberta G. Sachs Bennett G. Braun Ruth T. Watkins
Thirty-seven adult dissociative disorder patients who reported ritual
abuse in childhood by satanic cults are described. Patients came from a
variety of separate clinical settings and geographical locations and
reported a number of similar abuses. The most frequently reported types
of ritual abuse are outlined, and a clinical syndrome is presented.
Construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES): I. The relation between the des and other self-report measures of dissociation Jan 1991 E.J. Frischholz B.G. Braun R.G. Sachs J. Pasquotto
The Dissociative Experiences Scale: Further replication and validation
Sep 1990 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Roberta G. Sachs
Administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) of E. M. Bernstein
and F. W. Putnam (see record 1987-14407-001) to 259 college students,
33 patients with multiple personality disorder (MPD), and 29 patients
with a dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS). The
interrater reliability for the DES scoring procedure was excellent.
Hypnosis and Eyewitness Testimony Feb 1986 Patrick A Tuite Bennett G Braun Edward J Frischholz
DISSOCIATIVE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY David R. Schwartz Edward Rossini Bennett G. Braun M. Stein
The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised
(WAIS-R) was examined among 133 participants diagnosed with a
dissociative disorder . The results of two and three factor orthogonal
solutions with varimax rotation were obtained .
Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder
Bennett G. Braun
https://books.google.com/books?id=kPxuNFMOzQkC&pg=PR7&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false
Disciplined doctor licensed in Montana – Associated Press – October 16, 2003 By Bob Anez
After legal attacks in the 1990’s, he agreed to a two-year suspension of
his medical license in October 1999 and was given five years probation
after accusations by a former patient. Braun had stated that he
didn’t contest his license suspension and $5,000 fine because he was
exhausted financially, emotionally and physically. He said he spent about $500,000 to initially fight the disciplinary case.
Candidate accused by former patient by Thomas R. O’Donnell – Des Moines Register – 10/28/98 – “A former Iowan who won a $10.6 million settlement from a Chicago hospital and two psychiatrists said the diagnosis of multiple personalities and repressed memories of satanic cults that led to her lawsuit originated with a West Des Moines clinical social worker. But the social worker, Ann-Marie Baughman, now a Polk County legislative candidate, said that when she started counseling Patricia Burgus in 1982, Burgus was a troubled woman who was threatening to kill herself and others. Burgus…also was displaying behavior that Baughman could not understand. “It was the physical changes more than just the verbal expressions of what she was telling me” that led Baughman to conclude she was seeing multiple personalities. The “muscles in her face would all relax . . . and she would just look different. It was just the eeriest thing….But suggestions that Braun somehow planted the horrific memories in Burgus’ head are wrong, Baughman said, because they started surfacing during her sessions with Burgus in Des Moines….In the settlement, reached last fall after six years of litigation, neither the hospital nor the psychiatrists, Braun and Elva Poznanski, admitted fault. Braun has said his insurance company settled over his objections.”
Here’s a summary of the research on Burgus v. Braun et al that was presented by a researcher at the 2002 International Society for the Study of Dissociation conference in Baltimore
In 1993 the Burgus family filed a malpractice lawsuit against Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center, Dr. Elva Poznanski, the boys” psychiatrist, and Dr. Bennett Braun, Pat’s psychiatrist…Before her hospitalization at Rush in 1983, Pat spent most days in bed in with the curtains drawn, unable to care for herself. She threatened to kill herself and others. Her husband came home for lunch to make sure the boys were fed. She became convinced that the doctor who did her tubal ligation had implanted a fetus during the surgery. She approached mothers of infant daughters, asking them if they would trade their daughter for her infant son, Mikey. Pat entered Rush diagnosed with multiple personality disorder and borderline personality disorder. Upon admission Pat was agitated and incoherent. During her first month on the unit and before she was placed on meds, Pat told staff “I’m switching [personalities] out of control today. I’m doing so much switching today I can’t believe it.” Pat testified that the rapid switching decreased over time as her medications were increased….Other patients said they recognized her from her participation in cult-related criminal activities. At the time of her release from Rush in 1987 Pat was more stable and integrated. Did Pat’s psychiatrist implant false memories as Pat has claimed? On January 17, 1997, a defense attorney asked Pat about the source of her memories. Pat repeatedly conceded that she had originated all the memories herself. Her psychiatrist did not implant any memories. He had simply passed on to her what the other patients had reported.” https://ritualabuse.us/smart-conference/2010-conference/the-move-from-blame-the-victim-to-blame-the-helper/
https://ritualabuse.us/smart/bennett-braun/
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Dissociative identity disorder exists and is the result of childhood trauma
- Dissociative identity disorder exists and is the result of childhood trauma
- Dispelling Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment: An Empirically Based Approach
- Evaluation of the Evidence for the Trauma and Fantasy Models of Dissociation
Dissociative identity disorder exists and is the result of childhood trauma
In the movies, people with multiple personality disorder are nearly always psychopaths. But according to these contributing academics, most people who have dissociative identity disorder, as the condition is now known, aren’t psychopaths – they’re victims of society’s most heinous crimes. 08/11/2019
By Dr Michael Slater, Dr Warick Middleton, Prof. Martin Dorahy
By Dr Michael Slater, Dr Warick Middleton, Prof. Martin Dorahy
....But research hasn’t found people with the disorder are more prone to “false memories” than others. And brain imaging studies show significant differences in brain activity between people with dissociative identity disorder and other groups, including those who have been trained to mimic the disorder.
....Dissociative identity disorder comes about when a child’s psychological development is disrupted by early repetitive trauma that prevents the normal processes of consolidating a core sense of identity. Reports of childhood trauma in people with dissociative identity disorder (that have been substantiated) include burning, mutilation and exploitation. Sexual abuse is also routinely reported, alongside emotional abuse and neglect.
In response to overwhelming trauma, the child develops multiple, often conflicting, states or identities. These mirror the radical contradictions in their early attachments and social and family environments – for instance, a parent who swings unpredictably between aggression and care.
According to the DSM-5, the major characteristic of dissociative identity disorder is a disruption of identity, in which a person experiences two or more distinct personality states
....But the causal relationship between trauma and dissociation (alterations of identity and memory) has been repeatedly shown in a range of studies using different methodologies across cultures.
....a contemporary survey of clinical practice among specialists of dissociative identity found those treating the disorder weren’t focused on retrieving memories at any phase of the treatment.
A recent literature analysis concluded that criticisms of dissociative identity disorder treatment are based on inaccurate assumptions about clinical practice, misunderstandings of symptoms, and an over-reliance on anecdotes and unfounded claims.
Dispelling Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment: An Empirically Based Approach
Article· Literature Review in Psychiatry Interpersonal & Biological Processes 77(2):169-89 · June 2014
DOI: 10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.169 · Source: PubMed
Bethany L Brand
Towson University
Richard J Loewenstein
Independent Researcher
David Spiegel
Stanford University
Abstract
Objective: Some claim that treatment for dissociative identity disorder (DID) is harmful. Others maintain that the available data support the view that psychotherapy is helpful.
Objective: Some claim that treatment for dissociative identity disorder (DID) is harmful. Others maintain that the available data support the view that psychotherapy is helpful.
Method: We review the empirical support for both arguments.
Results: Current evidence supports the conclusion that phasic treatment consistent with expert consensus guidelines is associated with improvements in a wide range of DID patients' symptoms and functioning, decreased rates of hospitalization, and reduced costs of treatment. Research indicates that poor outcome is associated with treatment that does not specifically involve direct engagement with DID self-states to repair identity fragmentation and to decrease dissociative amnesia.
Conclusions: The evidence demonstrates that carefully staged trauma-focused psychotherapy for DID results in improvement, whereas dissociative symptoms persist when not specifically targeted in treatment. The claims that DID treatment is harmful are based on anecdotal cases, opinion pieces, reports of damage that are not substantiated in the scientific literature, misrepresentations of the data, and misunderstandings about DID treatment and the phenomenology of DID. Given the severe symptomatology and disability associated with DID, iatrogenic harm is far more likely to come from depriving DID patients of treatment that is consistent with expert consensus, treatment guidelines, and current research.
Evaluation of the Evidence for the Trauma and Fantasy Models of Dissociation
Psychological Bulletin - American Psychological Association 2012, Vol. 138, No. 3, 550 –5880033-2909/12 DOI: 10.1037/a0027447
The relationship between a reported history of trauma and dissociative symptoms has been explained in 2 conflicting ways. Pathological dissociation has been conceptualized as a response to antecedent traumatic stress and/or severe psychological adversity. Others have proposed that dissociation makes individuals prone to fantasy, thereby engendering confabulated memories of trauma. We examine data related to a series of 8 contrasting predictions based on the trauma model and the fantasy model of dissociation. In keeping with the trauma model, the relationship between trauma and dissociation was consistent and moderate in strength, and remained significant when objective measures of trauma were used. Dissociation was temporally related to trauma and trauma treatment, and was predictive of trauma history when fantasy proneness was controlled. Dissociation was not reliably associated with suggestibility, nor was there evidence for the fantasy model prediction of greater inaccuracy of recovered memory. Instead, dissociation was positively related to a history of trauma memory recovery and negatively related to the more general measures of narrative cohesion. Research also supports the trauma theory of dissociation as a regulatory response to fear or other extreme emotion with measurable biological correlates. We conclude, on the basis of evidence related to these 8 predictions, that there is strong empirical support for the hypothesis that trauma causes dissociation, and that dissociation remains related to trauma history when fantasy proneness is controlled. We find little support fort he hypothesis that the dissociation–trauma relationship is due to fantasy proneness or confabulated memories of trauma
https://www.towson.edu/cla/departments/psychology/facultystaff/dalenbergetalevalevidencefortraumaandfantasymodelspsychbull2012.pdf
https://www.towson.edu/cla/departments/psychology/facultystaff/dalenbergetalevalevidencefortraumaandfantasymodelspsychbull2012.pdf
Dissociative Identity Disorder
The causes of dissociative identity disorder are theoretically linked with the interaction of overwhelming stress, traumatic antecedents,[3] insufficient childhood nurturing, and an innate ability to dissociate memories or experiences from consciousness.[2] Prolonged child abuse is frequently a factor, with a very high percentage of patients reporting documented abuse[4] often confirmed by objective evidence.[1] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that patients with DID often report having a history of severe physical and sexual abuse. The reports of patients suffering from DID are "often confirmed by objective evidence," and the DSM notes that the abusers in those situations may be inclined to "deny or distort” these acts.[1] Research has consistently shown that DID is characterized by reports of extensive childhood trauma, usually child abuse.[5][6][7] Dissociation is recognized as a symptomatic presentation in response to psychological trauma, extreme emotional stress, and in association with emotional dysregulation and borderline personality disorder.[8] A study of 12 murderers established the connection between early severe abuse and DID[9]. A recent psychobiological study shows that dissociative identity disorder (DID) sufferers' "origins of their ailment stem more likely from trauma" than sociogenic or iatrogenic origins[10][11].
Sunday, September 8, 2019
A man whose daughter developed thousands of personalities after he repeatedly raped and abused her has been sentenced to 45 years in prison. Judge considers releasing names linked to Jeffrey Epstein
'Depraved and abhorrent' father Richard Haynes, who raped daughter, sentenced to 45 years in prison
By Jamie McKinnell
By Jamie McKinnell
A man whose daughter developed thousands of personalities after he repeatedly raped and abused her has been sentenced to 45 years in prison.
Key points:
Richard Haynes has been sentenced over the abuse of his daughter during the 1970s and 80s
Jeni Haynes developed dissociative identity disorder as a result of the abuse
Jeni Haynes developed dissociative identity disorder as a result of the abuse
He has been sentenced to a maximum sentence of 45 years with a non-parole period of 33 years
District Court Judge Sarah Huggett said Richard Haynes, 74, will likely die in jail before his non-parole period of 33 years expires in 2050.
He changed his plea to guilty mid-trial in March after being extradited from the UK to face dozens of charges rape, buggery and assault from the 1970s and 80s.
His daughter, Jennifer, was aged between four and 11.
Judge Huggett described Haynes' abuse as "depraved and abhorrent" and said it involved the use of grooming, conditioning and humiliation to exercise control.
"The psychological manipulation used by the offender, coupled with his escalating violence, served to emphasise and reinforce the power he had over her," she said.
Judge Huggett said in sentencing Haynes, she was required to put aside her emotional reaction to the "profoundly disturbing and perverted" way he treated his daughter.
She handed him a maximum sentence of 45 years with a non-parole period of 33 years.
For more than an hour, the judge detailed each of Haynes' horrific acts and said he threatened, berated and belittled his daughter throughout the sexual abuse....
She developed dissociative identity disorder, previously known as multiple personality disorder, to cope with the psychological effects of the abuse.....
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-06/richard-haynes-sentenced-to-45-years-in-jail-for-rapes/11484760
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-06/richard-haynes-sentenced-to-45-years-in-jail-for-rapes/11484760
Judge considers releasing names linked to Jeffrey Epstein in court documents
CBS News
Published on Sep 5, 2019
Published on Sep 5, 2019
A federal judge is considering revealing the names of up to 1,000 people potentially connected to Jeffrey Epstein. It's unclear who exactly is named in the batch of court records, but one unnamed man is trying to keep them sealed.
Thursday, June 13, 2019
Nearly 1,700 Suspected Child Sex Predators Arrested During Operation “Broken Heart”, Lost-in-the-mall: False memory or false defense?, Sybil and Multiple Personality Disorder: Original Sybil book was an accurate description of Shirley's life
Nearly 1,700 Suspected Child Sex Predators Arrested During Operation “Broken Heart”
The Department of Justice today announced the arrest of almost 1,700 suspected online child sex offenders during a two-month, nationwide operation conducted by Internet Crimes Against Children task forces. The task forces identified 308 offenders who either produced child pornography or committed child sexual abuse, and 357 children who suffered recent, ongoing or historical sexual abuse or were exploited in the production of child pornography.The 61 ICAC task forces, located in all 50 states and comprised of more than 4,500 federal, state, local and tribal law enforcement agencies, led the coordinated operation known as “Broken Heart” during the months of April and May 2019. During the course of the operation, the task forces investigated more than 18,500 complaints of technology-facilitated crimes targeting children and delivered more than 2,150 presentations on internet safety to over 201,000 youth and adults. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/nearly-1700-suspected-child-sex-predators-arrested-during-operation-broken-heart
Lost-in-the-mall: False memory or false defense?
Ruth A. Blizard & Morgan Shaw
Published online: 26 Apr 2019
https://doi.org/10.1080/15379418.2019.1590285
Abstract
False Memory Syndrome (FMS) and Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) were developed as defenses for parents accused of child abuse as part of a larger movement to undermine prosecution of child abuse. The lost-in-the-mall study by Dr. Elizabeth Loftus concludes that an entire false memory can be implanted by suggestion. It has since been used to discredit abuse survivors’ testimony by inferring that false memories for childhood abuse can be implanted by psychotherapists. Examination of the research methods and findings of the study shows that no full false memories were actually formed. Similarly, PAS, coined by Richard Gardner, is frequently used in custody cases to discredit children’s testimony by alleging that the protective parent coached them to have false memories of abuse. There is no scientific research demonstrating the existence of PAS, and, in fact, studies on the suggestibility of children show that they cannot easily be persuaded to provide detailed disclosures of abuse.
Deconstructing the lost in the mall study
Lynn S. Crook and Linda E. McEwen
Journal of Child Custody
Lynn S. Crook and Linda E. McEwen
Journal of Child Custody
ABSTRACT
In their frequently-cited “lost in the mall” study from two decades ago, Loftus and Pickrell claimed their findings “reveal that people can be led to believe that entire events happened to them after suggestions to that effect.” The study continues to be cited by the media and by academics to support claims that adults who recover memories of childhood sexual abuse have been led to believe such claims by therapists. The study parallels claims that parents coach children to falsely accuse and thus alienate the other parent in child custody cases. We describe how laws passed by state legislatures led to the need for a new defense for abuse accusations and how a foundation was established to promote that defense. We report that Loftus, who designed the study to support the new defense, testified over 20 years later that the study results apply only to the 24 subjects and cannot be applied to other populations.
Sybil and Multiple Personality Disorder
The original Sybil book was an accurate description of Shirley's life.
http://sybilandmpd.blogspot.com/2011/11/review-of-sybil-in-her-own-words-by.html
Review of "Sybil in her own words"
Permission was given to post this here.
The book "Sybil in her own words" by Patrick Suraci, Ph.D. is for sale at Amazon.com
After reading the book "Sybil in her own words" by Patrick Suraci, Ph.D., I realized the importance of this book. The people in the Sybil story are treated like human beings and they are allowed to speak about their own life stories. What is interesting about this book, is that it is written by a professional who has experience with the scientific knowledge of MPD.
The book shows how Dr. Connie Wilbur's treatment was successful and that Shirley Mason (Sybil) never had a relapse or return of her MPD symptoms after her treatment with Wilbur. She was able to live a full life, as shown in her interactions and discussions with Patrick Suraci, Ph.D.
In chapter seven, Dr. Suraci goes back to Shirley Mason's home town to check on her story and validate it. He speaks with three women, Wilma Bode, Betty Christen and Patricia Alcott, who were classmates and playmates with Shirley in her childhood. Wilma and Betty were two of the few children that were able to enter Shirley's household.
Wilma stated, "We always said that her mother was an old witch." She describes Shirley as having troubles concentrating in school and not knowing if she was day dreaming or that her attention was drawn away. Wilma is asked if she believes if Shirley was abused. Wilma states that she believes that some of what is written in the book did happen.
Betty talks about Shirley's mother. She states that her mother never came over to visit, but would come over and look (or peek) in the windows when they had company. She said that "Ms. Mason relieved herself in a neighbor's yard."
Patricia describes Shirley's mother as "strange, stern, raucous" and "someone to stay away from." She states that Shirley's mother (Mattie) "had a shrill voice and ridiculed Shirley." Shirley's mother repeated things over and over again. Patricia stated Mattie "played the piano too loudly, bombastically, venting anger. She was harsh." She said that Shirley's father (Wilbur) "stood in shaded corners with his head down."
Patrick Suraci describes the mechanism of "splitting" that contributed to the development of Shirley's personalities. Shirley came to view Mattie sometimes as the "good mother" and sometimes as the "bad mother."
In his chapter on Shirley in New York, Patrick Suraci speaks with Jim and Naomi, Shirley's closest living relatives. Jim had noticed that on the phone Shirley "was a different personality, a different person." Naomi agreed and described a strong change in personality also. Naomi in Chapter Nine tells Patrick that Shirley and Dr. Wilbur confirmed that the book Sybil "was 100% accurate."
The pictures in the book are excellent. Under one of the pictures drawn by Shirley's alter Peggy of a Christmas tree (in black and white), the note describes that Christmas was unpleasant for Shirley because she would receive a lot of games and toys which her mother would put away and not let her play with. Shirley was told she could play with them another time. Yet her mother would give them away to a poor family that didn't have anything.
Patrick Suraci states in his chapter Controversy Over Sybil that Mason, Schreiber and Wilbur were offered money, television and media interviews to reveal Shirley's identity, but did not do this. He discusses the problems with Dr. Herbert Spiegel's view of the Sybil story, as well as other skeptical of the story.
I highly recommend this book to those interested in the Sybil story. It is very well documented, using actual transcripts of conversations with those in the story and those that knew Shirley, showing that the original Sybil book was an accurate description of Shirley's life.
The book "Sybil in her own words" by Patrick Suraci, Ph.D. is for sale at Amazon.com
After reading the book "Sybil in her own words" by Patrick Suraci, Ph.D., I realized the importance of this book. The people in the Sybil story are treated like human beings and they are allowed to speak about their own life stories. What is interesting about this book, is that it is written by a professional who has experience with the scientific knowledge of MPD.
The book shows how Dr. Connie Wilbur's treatment was successful and that Shirley Mason (Sybil) never had a relapse or return of her MPD symptoms after her treatment with Wilbur. She was able to live a full life, as shown in her interactions and discussions with Patrick Suraci, Ph.D.
In chapter seven, Dr. Suraci goes back to Shirley Mason's home town to check on her story and validate it. He speaks with three women, Wilma Bode, Betty Christen and Patricia Alcott, who were classmates and playmates with Shirley in her childhood. Wilma and Betty were two of the few children that were able to enter Shirley's household.
Wilma stated, "We always said that her mother was an old witch." She describes Shirley as having troubles concentrating in school and not knowing if she was day dreaming or that her attention was drawn away. Wilma is asked if she believes if Shirley was abused. Wilma states that she believes that some of what is written in the book did happen.
Betty talks about Shirley's mother. She states that her mother never came over to visit, but would come over and look (or peek) in the windows when they had company. She said that "Ms. Mason relieved herself in a neighbor's yard."
Patricia describes Shirley's mother as "strange, stern, raucous" and "someone to stay away from." She states that Shirley's mother (Mattie) "had a shrill voice and ridiculed Shirley." Shirley's mother repeated things over and over again. Patricia stated Mattie "played the piano too loudly, bombastically, venting anger. She was harsh." She said that Shirley's father (Wilbur) "stood in shaded corners with his head down."
Patrick Suraci describes the mechanism of "splitting" that contributed to the development of Shirley's personalities. Shirley came to view Mattie sometimes as the "good mother" and sometimes as the "bad mother."
In his chapter on Shirley in New York, Patrick Suraci speaks with Jim and Naomi, Shirley's closest living relatives. Jim had noticed that on the phone Shirley "was a different personality, a different person." Naomi agreed and described a strong change in personality also. Naomi in Chapter Nine tells Patrick that Shirley and Dr. Wilbur confirmed that the book Sybil "was 100% accurate."
The pictures in the book are excellent. Under one of the pictures drawn by Shirley's alter Peggy of a Christmas tree (in black and white), the note describes that Christmas was unpleasant for Shirley because she would receive a lot of games and toys which her mother would put away and not let her play with. Shirley was told she could play with them another time. Yet her mother would give them away to a poor family that didn't have anything.
Patrick Suraci states in his chapter Controversy Over Sybil that Mason, Schreiber and Wilbur were offered money, television and media interviews to reveal Shirley's identity, but did not do this. He discusses the problems with Dr. Herbert Spiegel's view of the Sybil story, as well as other skeptical of the story.
I highly recommend this book to those interested in the Sybil story. It is very well documented, using actual transcripts of conversations with those in the story and those that knew Shirley, showing that the original Sybil book was an accurate description of Shirley's life.
Sunday, June 9, 2019
Woman with 2500 different personalities brings her abusive father to justice, Dissociative Identity Disorder
Woman with 2500 different personalities brings her abusive father to justice
Her childhood was so traumatic she developed 2500 different personalities to deal with the horrific abuse she suffered. Now Jeni Haynes has found justice. news.com.au May 27, 2019
A woman with 2500 different personalities has brought her abuser to justice after taking the stand using the voice of six of her “alters”.
Jeni Haynes, 49, developed multiple personality disorder, also known as dissociative identity disorder, after being subjected to sickening sexual abuse by her father Richard Haynes from the age of four.
“My dad inflicted, chose to inflict, severe, sadistic, violent abuse. That was completely unavoidable. Inescapable. And life-threatening. And he chose to do this every day of my entire childhood,” Ms Haynes told 60 Minutes.
The abuse was so bad it left her with serious injuries and she’s had to endure major surgeries to repair her bowel, coccyx and anus.
Ms Haynes coped by developing many different personalities.
Psychiatrist Dr George Blair-West explains that multiple personality disorder can be a sophisticated tactic developed by children who experience significant trauma prior to the age of eight.
“And the thing that seems to push the mind to do this more than anything else is realising you have no way out, that nobody is going to come and get you, nobody’s there to save you, you’re on your own, and you have to come up with a solution that is entirely of your own,” he said....
Footage aired on 60 Minutes shows Jeni Haynes speaking with the voice of some of her different alters, which can include a four-year-old girl named “Symphony”, a 11-year-old boy “Judas” and a rugged and strong teenage boy “Muscles”.
Dr Blair-West has been treating Jeni for over 20 years and said if a functional EEG was being done on Ms Haynes “you’d see different brainwaves” when she changes between personalities as well as differences in her voice....
On February 21, Ms Haynes appeared before the NSW District Court to face her 74-year-old father. Authorities had to extradite him from the United Kingdom before charging him with multiple counts of rape, buggery and indecent assault.
After being faced with the testimony of Ms Haynes’s many different personalities, her father crumbled and plead guilty within hours of her taking the stand.
Although Ms Haynes is able to remain anonymous, she has chosen not to because this would also have protected her father’s identity.
“I want him to walk into prison with everybody knowing what he did,” she said.
Next week Ms Haynes’s father will be sentenced and she is finally looking forward to leaving the past behind....
Woman with multiple personalities to read impact statement in different 'alters'
By Tim Barlass May 31, 2019
By Tim Barlass May 31, 2019
A woman who developed multiple personality disorder after being sexually abused by her father, is to read out her 17-page victim-impact statement on Friday in court using the voices of several of the different "alter" characters.
Jeni Haynes wants her father, Richard Haynes, who is in the dock, to hear directly from them about the impact of what he did to her between the ages of four and 11.
The relentless assaults resulted in her assuming some 2500 or so "alters" in what is now called dissociative identity disorder.
"Alters" expected to speak could include Symphony, a four-year-old girl; Judas, an 11-year-old boy; Muscles, an 18-year-old motorcycle-loving lout; and Linda, who was cheated out of a political career....
Haynes, who was extradited from Britain in February 2017, decided at the last minute to plead guilty to the charges of rape, buggery and indecent assault against his daughter in Sydney in the 1970s and 1980s....
"My dad forced me to develop multiple personalities as the only way I could cope with his abuse. Dad’s abuse was extreme, violent, sadistic, unescapable, unavoidable, constant and life-threatening, not to mention overwhelming.
"Jeni would not have survived the abuse and the day-to-day consequences of the abuse without Symphony and her highly creative strategy. But Symphony is deeply traumatised, hurt, damaged and devastated as a result. As are all the other alter personalities who have done their jobs so well and kept Jeni alive. Without MPD I would be dead. This may sound melodramatic, but it is quite simply the truth."
"Jeni would not have survived the abuse and the day-to-day consequences of the abuse without Symphony and her highly creative strategy. But Symphony is deeply traumatised, hurt, damaged and devastated as a result. As are all the other alter personalities who have done their jobs so well and kept Jeni alive. Without MPD I would be dead. This may sound melodramatic, but it is quite simply the truth."
She states the abuse destroyed her childhood, ruined her educational prospects and devastated her employability with immense economic cost as she was forced to live on a government benefit....
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative identity disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD) is defined in the DSM-IV-TR as the presence of two or more personality states or distinct identities that repeatedly take control of one’s behavior. The patient has an inability to recall personal information. The extent of this lack of recall is too great to be explained by normal forgetfulness. The disorder cannot be due to the direct physical effects of a general medical condition or substance.[1]
DID entails a failure to integrate certain aspects of memory, consciousness and identity. Patients experience frequent gaps in their memory for their personal history, past and present. Patients with DID report having severe physical and sexual abuse, especially during childhood. The reports of patients with DID are often validated by objective evidence.[1]
Physical evidence may include variations in physiological functions in different identity states, including differences in vision, levels of pain tolerance, symptoms of asthma, the response of blood glucose to insulin and sensitivity to allergens. Other physical findings may include scars from physical abuse or self-inflicted injuries, headaches or migraines, asthma and irritable bowel syndrome.[1]
DID is found in a variety of cultures around the world. It is diagnosed three to nine times more often in adult females than males. Females average 15 or more identities, males eight identities. The sharp rise in the reported cases of DID in the U.S. may be due the greater awareness of DID’s diagnosis, which has caused an increased identification of those that were previously undiagnosed.[1]...
Causes
The causes of dissociative identity disorder are theoretically linked with the interaction of overwhelming stress, traumatic antecedents,[3] insufficient childhood nurturing, and an innate ability to dissociate memories or experiences from consciousness.[2]
Prolonged child abuse is frequently a factor, with a very high percentage of patients reporting documented abuse[4] often confirmed by objective evidence.[1] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that patients with DID often report having a history of severe physical and sexual abuse. The reports of patients suffering from DID are "often confirmed by objective evidence," and the DSM notes that the abusers in those situations may be inclined to "deny or distort” these acts.[1]
Research has consistently shown that DID is characterized by reports of extensive childhood trauma, usually child abuse.[5][6][7] Dissociation is recognized as a symptomatic presentation in response to psychological trauma, extreme emotional stress, and in association with emotional dysregulation and borderline personality disorder.[8]
A study of 12 murderers established the connection between early severe abuse and DID[9]. A recent psychobiological study shows that dissociative identity disorder (DID) sufferers' "origins of their ailment stem more likely from trauma" than sociogenic or iatrogenic origins...
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