Neil Brick and SMART Host 29th Child Abuse Conference https://ritualabuse.us/smart-conference/

 

Neil Brick and SMART Host 29th Child Abuse Conference

 

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/neil-brick-and-smart-host-29th-child-abuse-conference-302788335.html  

---

June 2, 2026 S.M.A.R.T. has been educating the public and supporting survivors of child abuse, ritual abuse, and trauma crimes since 1995. Founded by Neil Brick, the organization publishes vital scientific research and hosts annual educational events. Don't miss the upcoming Online Annual Ritual Abuse and Mind Control Conference on August 15–16, 2026. Details: https://ritualabuse.us/smart-conference/ Contact: smartnews@aol.com .

 

Speakers

A Survivor’s Spiritual Journey – Neil Brick

Join Neil Brick as he explores the powerful connection of survival, healing, and advocacy. Neil will share how service to others has driven his personal growth and understanding. As a dedicated advocate, Neil has published the SMART newsletter (ritualabuse.us) for 31 years. Discover more about his journey and resources at http://neilbrick.com

Ritual Abuse as Mind Control – Wendy Hoffman

Rituals are common practice in Satanic culture. This presentation explores how every moment of a ritual is used for mind control. Wendy Hoffman has published four memoirs, three books of poetry and co-authored a book of essays. https://ritualabuse.us/smart/wendy-hoffman/

Introduction to Neurofeedback for Trauma – Joshua Moore

This presentation will give survivors an introduction to neurofeedback and explain how it supports recovery from trauma. We will look at its history, early research and current applications. Joshua Moore is a licensed mental health counselor and a board-certified neurofeedback provider with the Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA).

Family-Based Human Trafficking, Ritual Abuse, and Coercive Mind Control: One Father’s Fight for His Daughter – Iain Bryson

Iain Bryson’s daughter was taken fifteen years ago by his first wife and her family after she told him that her family was a “cult” and that she would be taking their daughter back to them because of “mind control.” In 2024, Iain Bryson published an evidence-based, documentary-style memoir about his daughter’s abduction.

Sponsored by SMART, this conference investigates the possible connections between secretive organizations and ritual abuse. SMARTNEWS@aol.com http://ritualabuse.us/

Cosponsored by Survivorship, one of the longest-running and most trusted organizations supporting survivors of extreme child abuse, ritualistic abuse, mind control, and torture. https://survivorship.org

Proof That Ritual Abuse Exists https://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/

Child Abuse Wiki https://childabusewiki.org

Large List of Ritual Abuse and Child Abuse References https://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/studies/satanic-ritual-abuse-evidence-with-information-on-the-mcmartin-preschool-case/

Grey Faction, Satanic Temple and Lucien Greaves Fact Sheet https://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/grey-faction-satanic-temple-and-lucien-greaves-fact-sheet/

Research and Information on Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder) https://ritualabuse.us/research/did/

Sybil – Proof Sybil had MPD and it was caused by severe trauma https://ritualabuse.us/research/did/sybil-proof-sybil-had-mpd-and-it-was-caused-by-severe-trauma/

Bennett G. Braun’s research - with full bibliography

 

Bennett G. Braun’s research (full bibliography at the bottom of the page)

copied with permission

https://ritualabuse.us/smart/bennett-braun/

(with information about the Burgus v. Braun legal case)

Bennett Braun was a famous doctor that worked in the field of dissociation and trauma in the 1980’s and early 1990’s. He created the BASK Model of Dissociation, a model for understanding and healing dissociation that is still used by some today.

The BASK Model of Dissociation Bennett G. Braun, M.D. ABSTRACT The BASK model conceptualizes the complex phenomenology of dissociation along with dimensions of Behavior, Affect, Sensation, and Knowledge. The process of dissociation itself, hypnosis, and the clinical mental disorders that constitute the dissociative disorders are described in terms of this model, and illustrated.
https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1276/Diss_1_1_2_OCR_rev.pdf

Psychiatry Research
Volume 15, Issue 4, August 1985, Pages 253-260
Psychiatry Research
Dissociative states in multiple personality disorder: A quantitative study
Edward K.Silberman
Frank W.Putnam Herbert Weingartner Bennett G. Braun Robert M.Post
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(85)90062-9
Multiple personality disorder (MPD) patients may experience themselves as several discrete alter personalities who do not share consciousness or memories with one another. In this study, we asked whether MPD patients are different from controls in their ability to learn and remember, and their ability to compartmentalize information. MPD patients were not found to differ from controls in overall memory level. Learning of information by MPD patients in disparate personality states did not result in greater compartmentalization than that of which control subjects were capable. However, there were qualitative differences between the cognitive performance of patients and that of controls attempting to role-play alter personalities. Our results suggest that simple confabulation is not an adequate model for the MPD syndrome, and we consider a possible role for state-dependent learning in the phenomenology of MPD.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0165178185900629

Intellectual functioning of inpatients with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified.
Rossini, E. D., Schwartz, D. R., & Braun, B. G. (1996). Intellectual functioning of inpatients with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(5), 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199605000-00004
Abstract
Examined the intellectual functioning of 50 inpatients with multiple personality disorder (MPD) and 55 inpatients with dissociative disorder (DSD) not otherwise specified using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS–R) as part of a comprehensive research protocol. No significant intellectual differences were found between MPD and DSD Ss on any major IQ summary score or on any of the age-adjusted empirical factor scores. A significant subsample of MPD Ss manifested abnormal intertest scatter on the WAIS-R verbal subtests, and this variability was attributed to subtle neuropsychological deficits on the Memory/Distractibility factor. Results suggest that dissociative patients might need to be evaluated for attention deficit disorder in addition to the range of dissociative symptoms in a comprehensive evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-00445-004

Rorschach Indicators of Multiple Personality Disorder Sep 1992 SUSAN M. LABOTT. FRANK LEAVITT. BENNETT G. BRAUN, ROBERTA G. SACHS
The increase in reported cases of Multiple Personality Disorder underscores a great need to differentiate clearly this from other psychiatric disorders and from simulation of Multiple Personality Disorder. Two sets of Rorschach signs have been advanced as clinical markers by their developers, namely Barach and also Wagner, Allison, and Wagner.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1009.5788&rep=rep1&type=pdf

From https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Bennett-G-Braun-73957132

Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 2, p. 120-124 : Frequency of EEG abnormalities in a large dissociative population
Article Jun 1997
Bennett G. Braun David R. Schwartz Howard M. Kravitz Jordan Waxman
Frequency of EEG abnormalities in a large dissociative population
Article Jun 1997 B.G. Braun D.R. Schwartz H.M. Kravitz J. Waxman
A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the frequency of electroencephalographic abnormalities, particularly those suggesting temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), among patients with dissociative disorders.

Factor analytic investigation of the WAIS-R among patients with dissociative psychopathology
Article Mar 1997 D.R. Schwartz E.D. Rossini B.G. Braun G.M. Stein
The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was examined among 133 participants diagnosed with a dissociative disorder.

Patterns of Dissociation in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples
Dec 1996 FRANK W. PUTNAM Eve B Carlson Colin A. Ross BENNETT G. BRAUN
Research has consistently found elevated mean dissociation scores in particular diagnostic groups.

Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for Multiple Personality Disorder: A multicenter study
Article Aug 1993 Eve B Carlson F W Putnam Colin A. Ross B G Braun
The Dissociative Experiences Scale has proved a reliable and valid instrument to measure dissociation in many groups, but its capacity to distinguish patients with multiple personality disorder from patients with other psychiatric disorders has not yet been conclusively tested.

Psychopathology, Hypnotizability, and dissociation Article Dec 1992 E J Frischholz L S Lipman B G Braun
R G Sachs
The purpose of the study was to replicate and extend previous findings regarding the hypnotizability of different clinical groups. The authors compared the differential hypnotizability of four psychiatric groups–patients with dissociative disorders (N = 17), schizophrenia (N = 13), mood disorders (N = 13), and anxiety disorders (N = 14)

Bupropion-Associated Mania in a Patient with HIV Infection Nov 1992 Christopher Glenn Fichtner BENNETT G. BRAUN

Construct Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale: II. Its Relationship to Hypnotizability
Oct 1992 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Roberta G. Sachs Jim Pasquotto
Undergraduates (n = 311) who volunteered to participate in an experiment on “Hypnotizability and Personality” filled out several personality questionnaires (including the Dissociative Experiences Scale; DES), were administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS), and completed a self-rating of hypnotizability.

Suggested Posthypnotic Amnesia in Psychiatric Patients and Normals Aug 1992 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Laurie S. Lipman Roberta Sachs
The present study examined both quantitative and qualitative hypnotizability differences among four psychiatric patient groups (dissociative disorder (n = 17), schizophrenic (n = 13), mood disorder (n = 14), and anxiety disorder (n = 14) patients), and normals (college students (n = 63).

Construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES): I. The relationship between the DES and other self-report measures of DES. Dec 1991 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Roberta G. Sachs David R. Schwartz
Administered the DES, the Tellegen Absorption Scale (ABS), the Perceptual Alteration Scale (PAS), the Yellen Ambiguity Intolerance Scale (YAIS), and the Jenkins Activity Schedule to 311 undergraduates. The DES total score (and 3 DES factor scores) correlated with the ABS and PAS and YAIS overall scores.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1009.5788&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Historical reliability: a key to differentiating populations among patients presenting signs of multiple personality disorder. Nov 1991 FRANK LEAVITT BENNETT BRAUN
The clinical value of inconsistencies in the historical data of patients presenting with signs of multiple personality disorder was assessed. Three major inconsistencies in historical data were identified in 23 patients who were admitted to a Dissociative Disorders Program with a diagnosis of Multiple Personality Disorder.

Patients reporting ritual abuse in childhood: A clinical syndrome. Report of 37 cases
Feb 1991 Walter C. Young Roberta G. Sachs Bennett G. Braun Ruth T. Watkins
Thirty-seven adult dissociative disorder patients who reported ritual abuse in childhood by satanic cults are described. Patients came from a variety of separate clinical settings and geographical locations and reported a number of similar abuses. The most frequently reported types of ritual abuse are outlined, and a clinical syndrome is presented.

Construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES): I. The relation between the des and other self-report measures of dissociation Jan 1991 E.J. Frischholz B.G. Braun R.G. Sachs J. Pasquotto

The Dissociative Experiences Scale: Further replication and validation
Sep 1990 Edward J. Frischholz Bennett G. Braun Roberta G. Sachs
Administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) of E. M. Bernstein and F. W. Putnam (see record 1987-14407-001) to 259 college students, 33 patients with multiple personality disorder (MPD), and 29 patients with a dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS). The interrater reliability for the DES scoring procedure was excellent.

Hypnosis and Eyewitness Testimony Feb 1986 Patrick A Tuite Bennett G Braun Edward J Frischholz
DISSOCIATIVE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY David R. Schwartz Edward Rossini Bennett G. Braun M. Stein
The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was examined among 133 participants diagnosed with a dissociative disorder . The results of two and three factor orthogonal solutions with varimax rotation were obtained .

Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder

Bennett G. Braun

https://books.google.com/books?id=kPxuNFMOzQkC&pg=PR7&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false

Disciplined doctor licensed in Montana – Associated Press – October 16, 2003 By Bob Anez
After legal attacks in the 1990’s, he agreed to a two-year suspension of his medical license in October 1999 and was given five years probation after accusations by a former patient. Braun had stated that he didn’t contest his license suspension and $5,000 fine because he was exhausted financially, emotionally and physically. He said he spent about $500,000 to initially fight the disciplinary case.

Candidate accused by former patient by Thomas R. O’Donnell – Des Moines Register – 10/28/98 – “A former Iowan who won a $10.6 million settlement from a Chicago hospital and two psychiatrists said the diagnosis of multiple personalities and repressed memories of satanic cults that led to her lawsuit originated with a West Des Moines clinical social worker. But the social worker, Ann-Marie Baughman, now a Polk County legislative candidate, said that when she started counseling Patricia Burgus in 1982, Burgus was a troubled woman who was threatening to kill herself and others. Burgus…also was displaying behavior that Baughman could not understand. “It was the physical changes more than just the verbal expressions of what she was telling me” that led Baughman to conclude she was seeing multiple personalities. The “muscles in her face would all relax . . . and she would just look different. It was just the eeriest thing….But suggestions that Braun somehow planted the horrific memories in Burgus’ head are wrong, Baughman said, because they started surfacing during her sessions with Burgus in Des Moines….In the settlement, reached last fall after six years of litigation, neither the hospital nor the psychiatrists, Braun and Elva Poznanski, admitted fault. Braun has said his insurance company settled over his objections.”

Here’s a summary of the research on Burgus v. Braun et al that was presented by a researcher at the 2002 International Society for the Study of Dissociation conference in Baltimore

In 1993 the Burgus family filed a malpractice lawsuit against Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center, Dr. Elva Poznanski, the boys” psychiatrist, and Dr. Bennett Braun, Pat’s psychiatrist…Before her hospitalization at Rush in 1983, Pat spent most days in bed in with the curtains drawn, unable to care for herself. She threatened to kill herself and others. Her husband came home for lunch to make sure the boys were fed. She became convinced that the doctor who did her tubal ligation had implanted a fetus during the surgery. She approached mothers of infant daughters, asking them if they would trade their daughter for her infant son, Mikey. Pat entered Rush diagnosed with multiple personality disorder and borderline personality disorder. Upon admission Pat was agitated and incoherent. During her first month on the unit and before she was placed on meds, Pat told staff “I’m switching [personalities] out of control today. I’m doing so much switching today I can’t believe it.” Pat testified that the rapid switching decreased over time as her medications were increased….Other patients said they recognized her from her participation in cult-related criminal activities. At the time of her release from Rush in 1987 Pat was more stable and integrated. Did Pat’s psychiatrist implant false memories as Pat has claimed? On January 17, 1997, a defense attorney asked Pat about the source of her memories. Pat repeatedly conceded that she had originated all the memories herself. Her psychiatrist did not implant any memories. He had simply passed on to her what the other patients had reported.” https://ritualabuse.us/smart-conference/2010-conference/the-move-from-blame-the-victim-to-blame-the-helper/

Bibliography

Braun, B.G., (1986). Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 1st edition.

Braun, B. G. (1979, October). Hypnosis creates multiple personality: Myth or reality? Paper presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Denver.

Braun, B. G. (1980). Hypnosis for multiple personality. In H. J. Wain (Ed.), Clinical hypnosis in medicine (pp. 209–218). Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers.

Braun, B. G. (1982). Multiple personality: Form, function and phenomena. Privately printed and distributed.

Braun, B. G. (1983). Psychophysiological phenomena in multiple personality and hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 26(2), 124–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1983.10404152

Abstract: Demonstrates similarities in psychophysiologic phenomena found in multiple personality disorder (MPD), individuals using hypnosis, and others who did not use hypnosis. The use of hypnosis is outlined for cases involving allergic responses, dermatologic reactions, the automatic nervous system, the CNS, seizure disorders, and pain control. Eight case vignettes featuring MPD patients and citations of related phenomena from the hypnosis literature are presented. Hypnotic healing mechanisms and possible unifying concepts for these parallels are discussed. It is suggested that a form of hypnosis/autohypnosis may be a common denominator underlying these phenomena. (90 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Braun, B. G. (1984a). Hypnosis creates multiple personality: Myth or reality? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 32(2), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207148408416009

Abstract: Since the 19th century, multiple personality has been associated with hysteria and hypnosis. The myth that hypnosis can create multiple personality is examined through a review of studies that have suggested or implied a casual link between hypnosis and multiple personality. While it is possible that personality fragments can appear under hypnosis, there is no evidence that personalities with separate life histories and a full range of affect can be created with hypnosis. Such personality fragments typically appear only for a limited time and are readily reintegrated. It is concluded that hypnosis is a valuable tool in diagnosing and treating multiple personalities. (French, German & Spanish abstracts)

Braun, B. G. (1984b). Towards a theory of multiple personality and other dissociative phenomena. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Symposium on multiple personality. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7, 171–194.

Kluft, R.P., Braun, B. G., & Sachs, R.G. (1984). Multiple personality disorder, intrafamilial abuse, and family psychiatry. International Journal of Family Psychiatry, 5(4), 303–313.

Lipman, L. S., Braun, B. G., & Frischholz, E. J. (1984). Hypnotizability and multiple personality disorder: Part I, overall hypnotic responsivity. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Dissociative disorders 1984: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiple Personality/Dissociative States (p. 100). Chicago: Rush-St. Luke’s-Presbyterian Medical Center.

Frischholz, E. J., Lipman, E. S., & Braun, B. G. (1984). Hypnosis in multiple personality disorder: Part II, special hypnotic phenomena. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Dissociative disorders 1984: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiple Personality/Dissociative States (p. 101). Chicago: Rush-St. Luke’s-Presbyterian Medical Center.

Horevitz, R. & Braun, B.G. (1984). Are Multiple Personalities Borderline?: An Analysis of 33 Cases. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 7(1): 69-87. DOI:10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30781-0

Abstract: The authors detail their investigation into the positive relationship between borderline personality and multiple personality and present their finding that although borderline personality disorder is very prevalent in patients with multiple personality disorder, it is not universal and is a separate and distinct disorder.

Braun, B. G. & Sachs, R. G. (1985). The development of multiple personality disorder. In R. P. Kluft (Ed.), Childhood antecedents of multiple personality (pp. 37–64). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Braun, B. G. (1985a). The transgenerational incidence of dissociation and multiple personality disorder. In R. P. Kluft (Ed.), Childhood antecedents of multiple personality (pp. 127–150). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Braun, B. G. (1985b). Dissociation: Behavior, affect, sensation, knowledge. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Dissociative disorders 1985: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multiple Personality/Dissociative States (p. 6). Chicago: Rush-St. Luke’s-Presbyterian Medical Center.

Silberman, E. K., Putnam, F. W., Weingartner, H., Braun, B. G., & Post, R. M. (1985). Dissociative states in multiple personality disorder: a quantitative study. Psychiatry research, 15(4), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(85)90062-9

Abstract: Multiple personality disorder (MPD) patients may experience themselves as several discrete alter personalities who do not share consciousness or memories with one another. In this study, we asked whether MPD patients are different from controls in their ability to learn and remember, and their ability to compartmentalize information. MPD patients were not found to differ from controls in overall memory level. Learning of information by MPD patients in disparate personality states did not result in greater compartmentalization than that of which control subjects were capable. However, there were qualitative differences between the cognitive performance of patients and that of controls attempting to role-play alter personalities. Our results suggest that simple confabulation is not an adequate model for the MPD syndrome, and we consider a possible role for state-dependent learning in the phenomenology of MPD.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0165178185900629

Braun, B. G. & Sachs, R. G. (1985). The development of multiple personality disorder: Predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. In R. P. Kluft (Ed.), Childhood antecedents of multiple personality (pp. 37–64). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Braun, B. G., & Gray, G. T. (1986). Report on the 1985 questionnaire on multiple personality disorder. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Dissociative disorders 1986: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multiple Personality /Dissociative States (p. 111). Chicago: Rush-St. Luke’s-Presbyterian Medical Center.

Sachs, R. G., & Braun, B. G. (1986). The use of sand trays with the MPD patient. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Dissociative disorders 1986: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multiple Personality/Dissociative States (p. 61). Chicago: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center.

Schultz, R., Braun, B. G., & Kluft, R. P. (1986). The interface between multiple personality disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Dissociative disorders 1986: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multiple Personality/Dissociative States (p. 111). Chicago: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center.

Braun, B. G. (1986a). Dissociation: An overview. Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.

Braun, B. G. (1986b). Issues in the psychotherapy of multiple personality disorder. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Treatment of multiple personality disorder (pp. 1–28). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Barkin, R., Braun, B. G., & Kluft, R. P. (1986). The dilemma of drug therapy for multiple personality disorder. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Treatment of multiple personality disorder (pp. 107–132). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Braun, B. & Horevitz, R. (1986). Hypnosis and Psychotherapy. Psychiatric Annals 16(2):81-86

DOI:10.3928/0048-5713-19860201-07

Abstract: Differentiates between hypnotic inductions, trance development and deepening procedures, and the use of hypnotic techniques independent of hypnotic trance. It is argued that hypnosis can be applied in any psychotherapy framework and utilizes strengths and capacities of the patient that might not otherwise be accessible. The author describes how a patient can be prepared for hypnosis and the utility of hypnotic training before formal treatment is begun. Potential psychotherapeutic applications of hypnosis in memory enhancement, dealing with selective amnesia, and achieving volitional control of physiological processes are discussed, and the case of a 36-yr-old woman is presented.

Tuite, P.A., Braun, B.G., & Frischholz, E.J. (1986). Hypnosis and Eyewitness Testimony. Psychiatric Annals, 16, 91-95.

Braun, B. G. (1988a). The BASK (behavior, affect, sensation, knowledge) model of dissociation. Dissociation, 1 (1), 4–23.

ABSTRACT: The BASK model conceptualizes the complex phenomenology of dissociation along with dimensions of Behavior, Affect, Sensation, and Knowledge. The process of dissociation itself, hypnosis, and the clinical mental disorders that constitute the dissociative disorders are described in terms of this model, and illustrated.

https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1276/Diss_1_1_2_OCR_rev.pdf

Braun, B. G. (1988b). The BASK model of dissociation: Part II: Treatment. Dissociation, 1 (2), 16–23.

ABSTRACT: This article is a continuation of the BASK Model ofDissociation: Part 1, which discussed the phenomena and theory of dissociation. It uses the previously described BASK Model (Behavior, Affea, Sensation, Knowledge levels within a time continuum) and applies it to treatment. Since treatment is a dynamic concept and knowledge is a static term, BASK is changed to BA TS, wherein the active term “thought” is substituted for “knowledge. ” The interrelationship of the various dimensions of the BATS model is demonstrated and described. The BASK format is used to describe how a behavior, affect, thought and/or sensation clue is used to track down and synthesize the BASK/BATS components in psychotherapy through work with different personalities and/or fragments. A main thesis is that congruence of the BASK/BATS levels across the space/time continuum is required for healthy functioning. It is hoped from this discussion that the reader will get a sufficient understanding the Sheridan Road Hospital. of the practical use of the BASK model and that he/she might apply it to her/his school and practice of psychotherapy.

https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1340/Diss_1_2_3_OCR_rev.pdf

Sachs, R. G.., Braun, B. G., & Shepp, E. (1988). Technique for planned abreactions with MPD patients. In B. G. Braun (Ed.), Dissociative disorders 1988: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Multiple Personality /Dissociative States (p. 85). Chicago: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center.

Braun, B. (1989). Psychotherapy of the Survivor of Incest With a Dissociative Disorder.

Psychiatric Clinics of North America Volume 12, Issue 2, June 1989, Pages 307-324

Abstract: The treatment of the survivor of incest who suffers from a dissociative disorder is probably somewhat more difficult than that of other survivors of incest because for these others the material is more readily available. Also the patient with DD was probably more severely abused or the dissociative defense would not have been needed. This too makes therapy difficult, especially in that most necessary step: the development of trust and rapport. Despite these problems, there is a very good chance for a successful therapy that will bring the dissociated material back into the main stream of consciousness with a “here and now” appropriate perspective. This can be accomplished through proper diagnosis, good theoretics grounding, and therapy including psychotherapy with appropriate limit setting and the judicious use of medication. This article presents a summary of the BASK model of dissociation and two other models and gives ideas on how these models may be applied to the understanding of the etiology of dissociative disorders and their treatment. Case examples are used to illustrate successful treatment. Although treatment of incest survivors with dissociative disorders is difficult, success can be anticipated, and the rewards to the patient and the satisfaction for the therapist are great.

Schultz, R. G., Braun, B. G., & Kluft, R. P. (1989). Multiple personality disorder: Phenomenology of selected variables in comparison to major depression. Dissociation, 2, 45–51.

Abstract: Various findings from a retrospective survey of 355 multiple personality disorder (MPD) patients and 235 major depression patients, who served as a comparison group, are discussed. The survey was completed by 448 independent clinicians, 142 of whom contributed information on both an MPD and a major depression patient. The study confirms recent findings in the literature that MPD is not a rare disorder, its sufferers include a preponderance of females, and it is highly correlated with childhood trauma, especially sexual and physical abuse. In addition, the study indicates that clinicians who diagnose MPD perceive clinical phenomena in a manner similar to those clinicians who have not yet made this diagnosis.

https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1413/Diss_2_1_7_OCR_rev.pdf?sequence=5

Braun, B. G. (1989). Dissociation as a sequela to incest. In R. P. Kluft (Ed.), Symposium on psychotherapy of the survivor of incest with a dissociative disorder}. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 307–324.

Braun, B.. (1990). Multiple Personality Disorder: An Overview. The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. 44. 971-6. 10.5014/ajot.44.11.971.

Abstract: Multiple personality disorder is understood today as chronic dissociative psychopathology that most often develops in response to severe abuse in childhood. The dissociative component is a manifestation of a defense mechanism out of control. The person with a biopsychological capacity to dissociate flees inward from overwhelming abuse or feared abuse. When continuing abuse perpetuates dissociations and they are chained by common affective themes, the foundations of multiple personality disorder are laid. Although the disorder has its roots in childhood, most patients are not diagnosed with this condition until 20 to 50 years of age. Many have received several prior, erroneous diagnoses of mental or physical disorders or both over a period of 7 or more years. Failure of diagnosis is an indication of the multiple factors that contribute to making this a covert disorder. Diagnosis and management begin at the same place: the establishment of trust and therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist.

Frischholz, E. J., Braun, B. G., Sachs, R. G., Hopkins, L., et al. (1990). The Dissociative Experiences Scale: Further replication and validation. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 3(3), 151–153.

Abstract: Administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) of E. M. Bernstein and F. W. Putnam (see record 1987-14407-001) to 259 college students, 33 patients with multiple personality disorder (MPD), and 29 patients with a dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS). The interrater reliability for the DES scoring procedure was excellent. The test–retest reliability of DES scores was also excellent, which suggests that DES total scores are temporally stable and similar in absolute value across testings. The internal consistency of DES scores was very high. Both MPD and DDNOS Ss earned significantly higher DES scores than did students. MPD Ss earned significantly higher DES scores than DDNOS Ss. A DES cut-off score of 45–55 will maximize the probability of correctly classifying normal Ss from dissociative disorder patients while minimizing the rates of false positive and false negative errors.

 https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1653/Diss_3_3_5_OCR_rev.pdf?sequence=4

Braun, B. G. (1990). Unusual medication regimens in the treatment of dissociative disorder patients: Part I. Noradrenergic agents. Dissociation, 3(3), 144–150.

Abstract: Describes the use of the noradrenergic agents propranolol and clonidine in an experimental setting to reduce switching and anxiety in dissociative disorder patients, making them better candidates for psychotherapy. The rationale for this use (unapproved by the Food and Drug Administration) of the drugs is based on 2 theories of emotion. It is hypothesized further that the mechanisms proposed by the 2 theories are reinforcing of one another via classical conditioning in the production and reinforcement of chronic, severe anxiety responses. The effect of propranolol and clonidine can complement the effect of benzodiazepines in patients with dissociative disorder. In the protocol described, propranolol or clonidine is sometimes used at ultrahigh doses.

** https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1655/Diss_3_3_4_OCR_rev.pdf?sequence=4

Leavitt, F., & Braun, B. (1991). Historical reliability: a key to differentiating populations among patients presenting signs of multiple personality disorder. Psychological reports, 69(2), 499–510. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.2.499

Abstract: The clinical value of inconsistencies in the historical data of patients presenting with signs of multiple personality disorder was assessed. Three major inconsistencies in historical data were identified in 23 patients who were admitted to a Dissociative Disorders Program with a diagnosis of Multiple Personality Disorder. This group showed psychological disturbance that was quite different from 23 patients with a similar discharge diagnosis but who did not exhibit inconsistencies in history. The former group reported less psychological disturbance and fewer dissociative experiences. Patients who are less credible by virtue of inconsistencies in their historical reports may belong to a different diagnostic group. The findings point to the need to chart history carefully in authenticating genuine cases.

Frischholz, E.J., Braun, B.G., Sachs, R.G., Schwartz, D.R., Lewis, J., Shaeffer, D., Westergaard, C. & Pasquotto, J. (1991). Construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES): I. The relation between the DES and other self-report measures of dissociation. Dissociation: Vol. 4 (4), p. 185-188

Abstract: The present study attempted to expand the construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) by comparing it to: (a) other self-report measures of dissociation (e.g., the Tellegen Absorption Scale [TAS] and the Perceptual Alteration Scale [PAS]); (b) the construct of “ambiguity intolerance” (assessed by the Yellen Ambiguity Intolerance Scale [YAIS]); and (c) the Jenkins Activity Schedule (JAS: which measures the degree of Type A behavior). Three hundred and eleven undergraduates participated in an experiment on “Hypnotizability and Personality, ” and filled out the DES TAS, PAS, YAIS, and JAS. The DES total score (and three DES factor scores) correlated with the TAS and PAS in the range of .24 – .52 (all correlations were significant at the .001 level, two-tailed). Furthermore, the DES total score (and the three DES factor scores) correlated significantly with the YAIS overall score (r’s ranged from .22 – .24, all p’s < .001), but did not correlate significantly with the JAS (r’s ranged from -.03 – .04, ns). The findings suggest that DES scores (i.e., total scores and each of the three DES factor scores) show good levels of convergent validity as they correlate significantly with other self-report measures of dissociation. However, the intercorrelations were not high enough to consider the different dissociation measures as interchangeable. Furthermore, subjects reporting high levels of dissociative experiences also reported higher levels of ambiguity intolerance. However, no significant association was observed between DES scores and the Type A behavior pattern.

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36680041.pdf

Young, W.C., Sachs, R.G., Braun, B.G., & Watkins, R.T. (1991). Patients reporting ritual abuse in childhood: A clinical syndrome. Report of 37 cases. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15, 181-189.

Abstract: Thirty-seven adult dissociative disorder patients who reported ritual abuse in childhood by satanic cults are described. Patients came from a variety of separate clinical settings and geographical locations and reported a number of similar abuses. The most frequently reported types of ritual abuse are outlined, and a clinical syndrome is presented which includes dissociative states with satanic overtones, severe post-traumatic stress disorder, survivor guilt, bizarre self abuse, unusual fears, sexualization of sadistic impulses, indoctrinated beliefs, and substance abuse. Questions relating to issues of reliability, credibility and verfiability are addressed in depth, and the findings and implications are discussed.

Fichtner, C., & Braun, B. (1992). Bupropion-Associated Mania in a Patient with HIV Infection. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 12. 366-7. 10.1097/00004714-199210000-00017.

Frischholz, E.J., Lipman, L.S., Braun, B.G., & Sachs, R.G. (1992). Psychopathology, hypnotizability, and dissociation. American Journal of Psychiatry 149(11):1521-5

DOI:10.1176/ajp.149.11.1521

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to replicate and extend previous findings regarding the hypnotizability of different clinical groups. The authors compared the differential hypnotizability of four psychiatric groups–patients with dissociative disorders (N = 17), schizophrenia (N = 13), mood disorders (N = 13), and anxiety disorders (N = 14)–and one normal group of college students (N = 63). Hypnotizability was assessed by four different measures: the eye roll sign and the induction score of the Hypnotic Induction Profile, the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C, and two self-ratings of hypnotizability. As predicted, dissociative disorder patients had significantly higher hypnotizability scores on all measures than all other groups. Schizophrenic patients, on the other hand, had significantly lower scores than normal subjects on the eye roll sign and induction score but not on the other measures of hypnotizability. Some other unpredicted between-group differences were also found. Nevertheless, despite the between-group differences, the intercorrelations between the various hypnotizability measures within the normal group were very similar to those observed in the combined patient groups. The findings suggest that routine hypnotizability assessment may be useful in the differential diagnosis of patients with dissociative disorders.

Fichtner, C. G., & Braun, B. G. (1992). Bupropion-associated mania in a patient with HIV infection. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12(5), 366–367. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199210000-00017

Abstract: Presents the case of a 50-yr-old man with HIV infection and a history of hospitalization for depression with suicidality, as well as mania in association with fluoxetine and bupropion treatment. The case shares several features of one previously reported by J. K. Zubieta and M. A. Demitrack (see record 1992-10254-001).

Labott, S. M., Leavitt, F., Braun, B. G., & Sachs, R. G. (1992). Rorschach indicators of multiple personality disorder. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75(1), 147-158.

The increase in reported cases of Multiple Personality Disorder underscores a great need to differentiate clearly this from other psychiatric disorders and from simulation of Multiple Personality Disorder. Two sets of Rorschach signs have been advanced as clinical markers by their developers, namely Barach and also Wagner, Allison, and Wagner.

Abstract: The increase in reported cases of Multiple Personality Disorder underscores a great need to differentiate clearly this from other psychiatric disorders and from simulation of Multiple Personality Disorder. Two sets of Rorschach signs have been advanced as clinical markers by their developers, namely, Barach and also Wagner, Allison, and Wagner. As the Wagner signs are prevalent in much of the research on Rorschach responses in Multiple Personality Disorder, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate these signs using Wagner’s administration and the resulting Rorschach protocols of 16 Multiple Personality Disorder patients and 16 psychiatric controls. Analysis indicated that this system was deficient in correctly classifying these 32 protocols. A new marker, the Splitting Response, emerged, however, which was more useful. This response, in combination with at least one Dissociative response, produced an accuracy rate of 94%. These new criteria may be useful aids in the detection of Multiple Personality Disorder from Rorschach protocols. Replication is urged.

Fichtner, C., Horevitz, R., & Braun, B. (1993). Fluoxetine in depersonalization disorder. The American journal of psychiatry. 149. 1750-1.

Abstract: Presents a case history of a 73-yr-old man with depersonalization disorder who responded favorably to treatment with fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. S reported a history of panic attacks and feelings of unreality. Fluoxetine, 20 mg/day, was prescribed, and in 4 wks S reported improvement, which continued for 8 mo.

Carlson, E., Putnam, F.,Ross, C., Torem, M., Coons, P., Dill, D., Loewenstein, R. & Braun, B. (1993). Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for Multiple Personality Disorder: A multicenter study. The American journal of psychiatry. 150. 1030-6. 10.1176/ajp.150.7.1030.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Dissociative Experiences Scale has proved a reliable and valid instrument to measure dissociation in many groups, but its capacity to distinguish patients with multiple personality disorder from patients with other psychiatric disorders has not yet been conclusively tested. METHOD: A discriminant analysis was performed to classify 1,051 subjects as having or not having multiple personality disorder. Another discriminant analysis was performed on a subgroup of 883 subjects more closely representing patients in a typical psychiatric facility in terms of base rates of dissociative disorders. A cutoff score of 30 was also used to classify subjects, and Bayes’s theorem, which allows for the calculation of the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of a screening test, was applied. RESULTS: According to discriminant analysis of the total study group, the scale’s sensitivity was 76% and its specificity was also 76%; according to discriminant analysis of the more representative subgroup, the scale’s sensitivity was 76% and its specificity was 85%. Use of the cutoff score of 30 produced similar results. Results of the application of Bayes’s theorem showed that 17% of the subjects scoring 30 or higher would actually have multiple personality disorder and 99% of those scoring less than 30 would not have multiple personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the Dissociative Experiences Scale performs quite well as a screening instrument to identify subjects with multiple personality disorder. In addition, the consistency of responses to scale items across centers indicates that the symptoms reported by patients with multiple personality disorder are highly similar across diverse geographic centers. This consistency supports the reliability and validity of the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder across centers.

On researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Bennett-G-Braun-73957132

Braun, B.G. (1993). Multiple Personality Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Similarities and Differences In: Wilson, J.P., Raphael, B. (eds), International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. The Plenum Series on Stress and Coping. PP. 35-47. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2820-3_3

Abstract: Multiple personality disorder (MPD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were formulated in medical consciousness at about the same time that modern psychiatry was being molded by its Age of Giants. During this period of 1880 to 1920, MPD was pulled from its millennia-old identification with demonology and possession into the rational spheres of psychology (Ellenberger, 1970). The “cowardice” of warriors who relived scenes of terror in sweating nightmares acquired a new etiology in the trenches of World War I, namely, “shell shock,” later to become the “combat fatigue” of World War II, and the PTSD of today. All too often throughout history the MPD and PTSD patient shared similar fates: isolation or death for the “possessed,” rejection or execution for the craven. Until recently, however, it was not realized that MPD and PTSD had two similarities in etiology and phemonenology: origin in exposure of the victim to shattering psychological trauma—in childhood in the instance of MPD, in later life in PTSD—and the subsequent need for the person to dissociate as a coping mechanism.

Fichtner, C., Jobe, T. & Braun, B. (1994). Possible therapeutic window for serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 55. 36-8.

Abstract: Comments on JW Cain’s (see record 1993-10662-001) and other investigators’ findings of a therapeutic window for some serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) reuptake inhibitors and expresses concern about the applicability of a therapeutic window for fluoxetine across larger numbers of patients. How the clinician decides whether to raise or lower fluoxetine is discussed.

Fichtner, C. & Braun, B. (1995). Hyperphagia and Weight Loss during Fluoxetine Treatment. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 28. 1350-2. 10.1177/106002809402801205.

Abstract: To report the unusual coincidence of weight loss with increased appetite and food intake in a patient treated for depression on two separate occasions with fluoxetine. A 27-year-old woman experienced a modest weight loss during treatment for depression with fluoxetine. The weight loss was associated with a reported increase in daily caloric intake and consumption of a greater proportion of dietary fat than usual for the patient. The same patient was treated again with fluoxetine more than a year later and again experienced weight loss associated with an increase in appetite, caloric intake, and dietary fat consumption. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that often is associated with a modest weight loss when used for the treatment of depression, although it also has been reported to have the opposite effects of weight gain and hyperphagia in some patients. The effects on weight usually are assumed to be the result of primary effects on appetite, but the discrepancy between the appetite and weight changes in this case challenges the applicability of that assumption in all cases. The effects of fluoxetine on appetite and weight may be mediated by partially distinct mechanisms and might conceivably involve a direct metabolic effect in some patients.

Rossini, E. D., Schwartz, D. R., & Braun, B. G. (1996). Intellectual functioning of inpatients with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(5), 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199605000-00004

Abstract: Examined the intellectual functioning of 50 inpatients with multiple personality disorder (MPD) and 55 inpatients with dissociative disorder (DSD) not otherwise specified using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS–R) as part of a comprehensive research protocol. No significant intellectual differences were found between MPD and DSD Ss on any major IQ summary score or on any of the age-adjusted empirical factor scores. A significant subsample of MPD Ss manifested abnormal intertest scatter on the WAIS-R verbal subtests, and this variability was attributed to subtle neuropsychological deficits on the Memory/Distractibility factor. Results suggest that dissociative patients might need to be evaluated for attention deficit disorder in addition to the range of dissociative symptoms in a comprehensive evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Putnam, F., Carlson, E., Ross, C., Anderson, G., Clark, P., Torem, M., Bowman, E., Coons, P, Chu, J, Dill, Diana, Loewenstein, R., & Braun, B. (1996). Patterns of Dissociation in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 184. 673-9. 10.1097/00005053-199611000-00004.

Abstract: Research has consistently found elevated mean dissociation scores in particular diagnostic groups. In this study, we explored whether mean dissociation scores for different diagnostic groups resulted from uniform distributions of scores within the group or were a function of the proportion of highly dissociative patients that the diagnostic group contained. A total of 1566 subjects who were psychiatric patients, neurological patients, normal adolescents, or normal adult subjects completed the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). An analysis of the percentage of subjects with high DES scores in each diagnostic group indicated that the diagnostic group’s mean DES scores were a function of the proportion of subjects within the group who were high dissociators. The results contradict a continuum model of dissociation but are consistent with the existence of distinct dissociative types.

Available on Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Bennett-G-Braun-73957132

Braun, B., Schwartz, D., Kravitz, H., & Waxman, J. (1997): Frequency of EEG abnormalities in a large dissociative population. Dissociation: Volume 10, No. 2, p. 120-124

Abstract: A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the frequency of EEG abnormalities, particularly those suggesting temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), among adult patients with dissociative disorders. EEGs from 160 inpatients with dissociative disorders who were treated at either of two sites specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders were reviewed. EEGs were categorized as normal, possible drug effect, or abnormal. Overall, 7.5 % of patients had EEGs that were interpreted as abnormal but only two (1.25 %) of the entire sample had findings that suggested TLE. The two sites differed significantly in the percentage read as abnormal. According to these results, a small minority of patients with dissociative disorders have non-specific EEG abnormalities as well as more specific temporal lobe dysrhythmias. However, the population and context in which the dissociation–epilepsy association is explored will influence the outcome of any attempt to resolve the question regarding the relationship.

https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1827/Diss_10_2_7_OCR_rev.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y

Schwartz, D.R. & Rossini, E.D. & Braun, B.G. & Stein, G.M.. (1997). Factor analytic investigation of the WAIS-R among patients with dissociative psychopathology. Dissociation. 10. 54-57.

Abstract: The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was examined among 133 participants diagnosed with a dissociative disorder. The results of two and three factor orthogonal solutions with varimax rotation were obtained. The two and three factor solutions were consistent with traditionalfactor analytic studies with Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Organization in the two factor solution, and Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, and Freedom from Distractibility in the three-factor solution. This is the only factor analytic investigation using the WAIS-R to study a dissociative population.

https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1835/Diss_10_1_8_OCR_rev.pdf

Frischholz, E.J., Braun, B.G., Sachs, R.G., Schwartz, D.R., Lewis, J., Shaeffer, D. Westergaard, C., & Pasquotto, J. (2014). Construct Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale: II. Its Relationship to Hypnotizability. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 57:2, 102-109, DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2015.967056

Abstract: Undergraduates (n = 311) who volunteered to participate in an experiment on “Hypnotizability and Personality” filled out several personality questionnaires (including the Dissociative Experiences Scale; DES), were administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS), and completed a self-rating of hypnotizability. The DES overall score correlated significantly with the HGSHS summary score (r(309) = .12, p < .05, two-tailed) and with subject’s self-rating of hypnotizability (r(309) = .13, p < .05, two-tailed). The magnitude of these correlations was similar to that observed in a previous study (.14 & .18) and is also similar in magnitude to the correlations typically observed between the HGSHS and the Tellegen Absorption Scale. The potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Frischholz, E. J., Lipman, L. S., Braun, B. G., & Sachs, R. (2015). Suggested posthypnotic amnesia in psychiatric patients and normals. The American journal of clinical hypnosis, 57(2), 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2015.967059

Abstract: The present study examined both quantitative and qualitative hypnotizability differences among four psychiatric patient groups (dissociative disorder (n = 17), schizophrenic (n = 13), mood disorder (n = 14), and anxiety disorder (n = 14) patients), and normals (college students (n = 63)). Dissociative disorder patients earned significantly higher corrected total scores on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (mean = 7.94), than all other groups. Likewise, dissociative disorder patients initially recalled significantly fewer items when the posthypnotic amnesia suggestion was in effect (mean = .41) and reversed significantly more items when the suggestion was canceled (mean = 3.82) than all other groups. In contrast, schizophrenic patients recalled significantly fewer items when the amnesia suggestion was in effect (mean = 1.85) and reversed significantly fewer items when it was canceled (mean = .77) than the remaining groups. This qualitative difference between schizophrenic patients and the other groups on the suggested posthypnotic amnesia item was observed even though there were no significant quantitative differences between groups in overall hypnotic responsivity.

 

Evidence that Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD) is caused by Childhood Trauma

Conclusive evidence that Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD) is caused by extensive childhood trauma and not iatrogenically (resulting from the activity of physicians) or socially. Individual identities have been shown to have clear physiological differences. These are only a few of the many studies available in professional journals and research books.

Child Abuse Wiki – Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative identity disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD) is defined in the DSM-IV-TR as the presence of two or more personality states or distinct identities that repeatedly take control of one’s behavior. The patient has an inability to recall personal information. The extent of this lack of recall is too great to be explained by normal forgetfulness. The disorder cannot be due to the direct physical effects of a general medical condition or substance.

DID entails a failure to integrate certain aspects of memory, consciousness and identity. Patients experience frequent gaps in their memory for their personal history, past and present. Patients with DID report having severe physical and sexual abuse, especially during childhood. The reports of patients with DID are often validated by objective evidence.

Causes

The causes of dissociative identity disorder are theoretically linked with the interaction of overwhelming stress, traumatic antecedents, insufficient childhood nurturing, and an innate ability to dissociate memories or experiences from consciousness. Prolonged child abuse is frequently a factor, with a very high percentage of patients reporting documented abuse often confirmed by objective evidence. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that patients with DID often report having a history of severe physical and sexual abuse. The reports of patients suffering from DID are “often confirmed by objective evidence,” and the DSM notes that the abusers in those situations may be inclined to “deny or distort” these acts. Research has consistently shown that DID is characterized by reports of extensive childhood trauma, usually child abuse. Dissociation is recognized as a symptomatic presentation in response to psychological trauma, extreme emotional stress, and in association with emotional dysregulation and borderline personality disorder. A study of 12 murderers established the connection between early severe abuse and DID. A recent psychobiological study shows that dissociative identity disorder (DID) sufferers’ “origins of their ailment stem more likely from trauma” than sociogenic or iatrogenic origins.

There is strong evidence that DID is not a culture bound phenomenon. Dissociative disorders have been found in more than a dozen countries. DID has been found in China and Turkey.

Physiological Evidence

Physiological evidence has provided additional evidence to back the existence of DID. One review of the literature found “physiologic and ocular differences across alter personalities.” Additional studies have been found showing optical differences in DID cases. One study found that “eight of the nine MPD subjects consistently manifested physiologically distinct alter personality states.” Other reviews have found additional physiological differences. Brain mapping has also found physiological differences in alternate personalities. A variety of psychiatric rating scales found that multiple personality is strongly related to childhood trauma rather than to an underlying electrophysiological dysfunction. Dissociative identity disorder patients have been found to have smaller hippocampal and amygdalar volumes than healthy subjects.  The involvement of the orbitalfrontal cortex has been proposed in the development of DID, suggesting a possible neurodevelopmental mechanism that would be responsible for the development of “multiple representations of self.” More recent research presents psychobiological evidence indicating actual physical alter states not found in controls.
with permission from http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Dissociative_Identity_Disorder

Research Evidence showing a connection between Dissociative Identity Disorder and Trauma

Objective Documentation of Child Abuse and Dissociation in 12 Murderers With Dissociative Identity Disorder
“Signs and symptoms of dissociative identity disorder in childhood and adulthood were corroborated independently and from several sources in all 12 cases; objective evidence of severe abuse was obtained in 11 cases. The subjects had amnesia for most of the abuse and underreported it. Marked changes in writing style and/or signatures were documented in 10 cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes, once and for all, the linkage between early severe abuse and dissociative identity disorder.”
http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1703

Multiple personality disorder in The Netherlands: a clinical investigation of 71 patients.
The presenting characteristics of the patients showed a striking resemblance to those in several large North American series. Patients had spent an average of 8.2 years in the mental health system prior to correct diagnosis. Patients presented with many different symptoms and frequently received other psychiatric or neurological diagnoses. A history of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse was reported by 94.4% of the subjects, and 80.6% met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Patients with multiple personality disorder have a stable set of core symptoms throughout North America as well as in Europe.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8434668?dopt=Abstract

Abuse histories in 102 cases of multiple personality disorder.
The authors interviewed 102 individuals with clinical diagnoses of multiple personality disorder at four centres using the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule. The patients reported high rates of childhood trauma: 90.2% had been sexually abused, 82.4% physically abused, and 95.1% subjected to one or both forms of child abuse. Over 50% of subjects reported initial physical and sexual abuse before age five. The average duration of both types of abuse was ten years, and numerous different perpetrators were identified. Subjects were equally likely to be physically abused by their mothers or fathers. Sexual abusers were more often male than female, but a substantial amount of sexual abuse was perpetrated by mothers, female relatives, and other females. Multiple personality disorder appears to be a response to chronic trauma originating during a vulnerable period in childhood.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2044042?dopt=Abstract

Evidence Against Iatrogenic and Sociocognitive Models of Dissociative Identity Disorder

Evidence against the iatrogenesis of multiple personality disorder
The authors present data which argue against the iatrogenesis of multiple personality disorder (MPD). Twenty-two cases reported by one Canadian psychiatrist, 23 cases reported by a second Canadian psychiatrist, 48 cases seen by 44 American psychiatrists specializing in MPD, and 44 cases seen by 40 Canadian general psychiatrists without a special interest in MPD are compared. The Canadian general psychiatrists had seen an average of 2.2 cases of MPD, while the Americans had seen an average of 160. There were no differences between these groups on the diagnostic criteria, for MPD or the number of personalities identified. Specialists in MPD are not influencing their patients to create an increased number of personalities or to endorse more diagnostic criteria. Exposure to hypnosis does not appear to influence the phenomenology of MPD.
https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1424

Iatrogenic DID-An Evaluation of the Scientific Evidence: D. Brown, E. Frischholz & A. Scheflin” from The fall-winter 1999 issue of “The Journal of Psychiatry & Law – “Conclusions…At present the scientific evidence is insufficient and inadequate to support plaintiffs’ complaints that suggestive influences allegedly operative in psychotherapy can create a major psychiatric disorder like MPD per se…there is virtually no support for the unique contribution of hypnosis to the alleged iatrogenic creation of MPD in appropriately controlled research.….alter shaping is not to be confused with alter creation.” p. 624

The sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder: A reexamination of the evidence.
According to the sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder (DID; formerly, multiple personality disorder), DID is not a valid psychiatric disorder of posttraumatic origin; rather, it is a creation of psychotherapy and the media….No reason exists to doubt the connection between DID and childhood trauma. Treatment recommendations that follow from the sociocognitive model may be harmful because they involve ignoring the posttraumatic symptomatology of persons with DID.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-00574-006

Dissociative identity disorder is a real condition, and it’s not quite as rare as you might imagine.  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/dissociative-identity-disorder

Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder  Bethany L. Brand, PhD, Vedat Sar, MD, Pam Stavropoulos, PhD, Christa Krüger, MB BCh, MMed (Psych), MD, Marilyn Korzekwa, MD, Alfonso Martínez-Taboas, PhD, and Warwick Middleton, MB BS, FRANZCP, MD  –  Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2016 Jul; 24(4): 257–270.  Published online 2016 Jul 8. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000100  PMCID: PMC4959824   PMID: 27384396

Abstract:  Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a complex, posttraumatic, developmental disorder for which we now, after four decades of research, have an authoritative research base, but a number of misconceptualizations and myths about the disorder remain, compromising both patient care and research. This article examines the empirical literature pertaining to recurrently expressed beliefs regarding DID: (1) belief that DID is a fad, (2) belief that DID is primarily diagnosed in North America by DID experts who overdiagnose the disorder, (3) belief that DID is rare, (4) belief that DID is an iatrogenic, rather than trauma-based, disorder, (5) belief that DID is the same entity as borderline personality disorder, and (6) belief that DID treatment is harmful to patients. The absence of research to substantiate these beliefs, as well as the existence of a body of research that refutes them, confirms their mythical status. Clinicians who accept these myths as facts are unlikely to carefully assess for dissociation. Accurate diagnoses are critical for appropriate treatment planning.  “DID is a legitimate and distinct psychiatric disorder that is recognizable worldwide and can be reliably identified in multiple settings by appropriately trained researchers and clinicians. The research shows that DID is a trauma-based disorder that generally responds well to treatment consistent with DID treatment guidelines.”  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959824/

Fact or Factitious? A Psychobiological Study of Authentic and Simulated Dissocative Identity States
The findings are at odds with the idea that differences among different types of dissociative identity states in DID can be explained by high fantasy proneness, motivated role-enactment, and suggestion. They indicate that DID does not have a sociocultural (e.g., iatrogenic) origin. For the first time, it is shown using brain imaging that neither high nor low fantasy prone healthy women, who enacted two different types of dissociative identity states, were able to substantially simulate these identity states in psychobiological terms. These results do  not support the idea of a sociogenic origin for DID.”
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039279

The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: review of 100 recent cases F W Putnam, E K Silberman, L Barban, R M Post    J Clin Psychiatry . 1986 Jun;47(6):285-93.  PMID: 3711025  Abstract :  The clinical syndrome of multiple personality disorder (MPD) is an unusual dissociative condition that has been poorly characterized. In an attempt to better delineate the clinical phenomenology of MPD, 100 recent cases were collected on a 386-item questionnaire completed by clinicians involved in the treatment of MPD patients. This study documents the existence of a clinical syndrome characterized by a core of depressive and dissociative symptoms and a childhood history of significant trauma, primarily child abuse.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3711025/

Physiological Evidence Showing Physical Differences Between Dissociative Identity Disorder Identity States
Multiple personality disorder. A clinical investigation of 50 cases.
To study the clinical phenomenology of multiple personality, 50 consecutive patients with DSM-III multiple personality disorder were assessed using clinical history, psychiatric interview, neurological examination, electroencephalogram, MMPI, intelligence testing, and a variety of psychiatric rating scales. Results revealed that patients with multiple personality are usually women who present with depression, suicide attempts, repeated amnesic episodes, and a history of childhood trauma, particularly sexual abuse. Also common were headaches, hysterical conversion, and sexual dysfunction. Intellectual level varied from borderline to superior. The MMPI reflected underlying character pathology in addition to depression and dissociation. Significant neurological or electroencephalographical abnormalities were infrequent. These data suggest that the etiology of multiple personality is strongly related to childhood trauma rather than to an underlying electrophysiological dysfunction.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3418321

Psychobiological characteristics of dissociative identity disorder: a symptom provocation study.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients function as two or more identities or dissociative identity states (DIS), categorized as ‘neutral identity states’ (NIS) and ‘traumatic identity states’ (TIS). NIS inhibit access to traumatic memories thereby enabling daily life functioning. TIS have access and responses to these memories. We tested whether these DIS show different psychobiological reactions to trauma-related memory.
RESULTS:
Psychobiological differences were found for the different DIS. Subjective and cardiovascular reactions revealed significant main and interactions effects. Regional cerebral blood flow data revealed different neural networks to be associated with different processing of the neutral and trauma-related memory script by NIS and TIS.
CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with DID encompass at least two different DIS. These identities involve different subjective reactions, cardiovascular responses and cerebral activation patterns to a trauma-related memory script.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008145

One Brain, Two Selves
Our findings reveal the existence of different regional cerebral blood flow patterns for different senses of self. We present evidence for the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the posterior associative cortices to have an integral role in conscious experience.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14683715

Research Articles and Books about Dissociative Identity Disorder and MPD

Overcoming Multiple Personality Disorder By Anne Underwood
Multiple personality disorder is a perplexing phenomenon to outside observers, believed to be brought on by persistent childhood abuse. What is it like living with MPD? And how does a sufferer function, with so many alternate personalities—or “alters”—some of them adults and some children? NEWSWEEK’s Anne Underwood spoke with Karen Overhill—a former sufferer and the subject of a new book, “Switching Time,” by Dr. Richard Baer.
http://www.newsweek.com/overcoming-multiple-personality-disorder-103403

Multiple personality and dissociation, 1791-1992: a complete bibliography
https://books.google.com/books/about/Multiple_Personality_Dissociation_1791_1.html?id=LmqRAAAACAAJ

The official journal of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD), published between 1988 and 1997
https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1129

Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder
This ground-breaking book examines the role of crime in the lives of people with Dissociative Identity Disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, a condition which appears to be caused by prolonged trauma in infancy and childhood. This trauma may be linked with crimes committed against them, crimes they have witnessed, and crimes they have committed under duress.
https://www.karnacbooks.com/product/forensic-aspects-of-dissociative-identity-disorder/25876/

Trauma And Dissociation in a Cross-cultural Perspective: Not Just a North American Phenomenon
An international look at the similarities and differences of long-lasting trauma – Trauma and Dissociation in a Cross-Cultural Perspective examines the psychological, sociological, political, economic, and cultural aspects of trauma and its consequences on people around the world. Dispelling the myth that trauma-related dissociative disorders are a North American phenomenon, this unique book travels through more than a dozen countries to analyze the effects of long-lasting traumatization-both natural and man-made-on adults and children.  http://www.amazon.com/Trauma-Dissociation-Cross-cultural-Perspective-Phenomenon/dp/0789034077

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Trauma_and_Dissociation_in_a_Cross_Cultu/3o_INBmLmeEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Trauma+And+Dissociation+in+a+Cross-cultural+Perspective:+Not+Just+a+North+American+Phenomenon&printsec=frontcover

Sybil in Her Own Words  Patrick Suraci Psychologist
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/patrick-suraci/post_2699_b_1152241.html

Sybil and Multiple Personality Disorder
http://sybilandmpd.blogspot.com/

Review of “Sybil in her own words”
http://sybilandmpd.blogspot.com/2011/11/review-of-sybil-in-her-own-words-by.html

Twenty-Two Faces – Inside the Extraordinary Life of Jenny Hill and Her Twenty-Two Multiple Personalities Judy Byington
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/twenty-two-faces-inside-the-extraordinary-life-of-jenny-hill-and-her-twenty-two-multiple-personalities-judy-byington-msw-lcsw/

Open Letter to Dr. Phil From Jenny Hill
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/open-letter-to-dr-phil-from-jenny-hill/

Basic Information on DID
Basic Information on Dissociative Identity Disorder with sections on Basic Information on DID from the DSM-IV-TR, The History of DID/MPD, Diagnosing DID, Responses to those that state that DID is iatrogenic or a social construct,  MPD/DID connection to severe abuse, Recent information and DID resources,
Physiological studies showing differences between DID patients and non-DID patients
https://ritualabuse.us/research/did/basic-information-on-didmpd/

Research and Information on Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder) http://ritualabuse.us/research/did/

Disinformation and DID: the Politics of Memory – Brian Moss, MA, MFT
Information on the False Memory Syndrome, Mind Control, Dissociative Identity Disorder, The Media, Ritual Abuse, The Nazis and Programming.
http://ritualabuse.us/research/did/disinformation-and-did-the-politics-of-memory/

Secret Weapons – Two Sisters’ Terrifying True Story of Sex, Spies and Sabotage by Cheryl and Lynn Hersha with Dale Griffis, Ph D. and Ted Schwartz. New Horizon Press ISBN 0-88282-196-2 Is a well-documented, verifiable account of not one, but two childrens’ long untold stories of being CHILD subjects of Project MKUltra. Quotes from the book: “By the time Cheryl Hersha came to the facility, knowledge of multiple personality was so complete that doctors understood how the mind separated into distinct ego states,each unaware of the other. First, the person traumatized had to be both extremely intelligent and under the age of seven, two conditions not yet understood though remaining consistent as factors. The trauma was almost always of a sexual nature…” p. 52 “The government researchers,aware of the information in the professional journals, decided to reverse the process (of healing from hysteric dissociation). They decided to use selective trauma on healthy children to create personalities capable of committing acts desired for national security and defense.” p. 53 – 54 

Ritual Abuse and Mind Control References

 

Satanic Ritual Abuse evidence with information on the McMartin Preschool Case

Adams, J. (2008). Case Studies of Ritual Abuse Survivors: From Abuse to Activism. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 541- . Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Anderson, A. (2008). Letter from a general practitioner.  In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 140-144. London: Karnac.

Archaeological Investigations of the McMartin Preschool Site http://www.whale.to/b/stickel.html

Ball, T.M. (2008). The Use of Prayer for Inner Healing of Memories and Deliverance with Ritual Abuse Survivors. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century:  Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 413-442. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Becker T. & Overkamp B. (2008). Spezifische Anforderungen  an die Unterstützung von Opfern organisierter und ritueller Gewalt.  In: Fliß CM & Igney C: Handbuch Trauma & Dissoziation. Lengerich:  Pabst Science Publishers. (Specific Requirements for the Support of  Victims of Organized and Ritual Abuse).

Becker T. & Woywodt, U.  (2007). Ritueller Mißbrauch: Auswirkungen der Arbeit auf die Beraterinnen und die Beratung. In: Wildwasser e.V.:Sexuelle Gewalt – Aktuelle Beitraege aus Theorie und Praxis. Berlin: Selbstverlag.  (Ritual Abuse: Consequences of working [in this field] on cousellors and counselling)

Becker, T., Karriker, W., Overkamp, B. Rutz, C. (2008). The Extreme Abuse Survey: preliminary findings regarding dissociative identity disorder. In A. Sachs & G. Galton  (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 32-49. London: Karnac.

Becker, T. (2008). “Organisierte und rituelle Gewalt” (“Organized and Ritual Violence”). In Fliß CM & Igney C: Handbuch Trauma & Dissoziation. Lengerich:  Pabst Science Publishers.

Becker, T. (2008). Re-Searching for New Perspectives: Ritual Abuse/Ritual Violence as Ideologically Motivated Crime. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century:  Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 237-260. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Becker T. & Woywodt, U.  (2007). Ritueller Mißbrauch: Auswirkungen der Arbeit auf die Beraterinnen und die Beratung. In: Wildwasser e.V.:Sexuelle Gewalt – Aktuelle Beitraege aus Theorie und Praxis. Berlin: Selbstverlag.  (Ritual Abuse: Consequences of working [in this field] on cousellors and counselling)

Becker, Thorsten (2008). Rituelle Gewalt in Deutschland. (Ritual Violence in Germany). In: Froehling Ulla: Vater unser in der Hoelle. Bergisch-Gladbach: Lübbe

Becker, T; Karriker W; Overkamp B; Rutz, C (2008). “The extreme abuse surveys: Preliminary findings regarding dissociative identity disorder”, Forensic aspects of dissociative identity disorder. London: Karnac Books, 32-49. ISBN 1-855-75596-3.

Believe the children (1997). “Conviction List: Ritual Child Abuse”. http://ra-info.org/faqs/ra-convictions/

Bensinger, Terri T. Long-term effects on adult women who report sexual and ritual abuse in their childhoods. Dissertation Abstracts  International 1990 Jul Vol 51(1-B), p. 420.

Bernet W, Chang DK. (1997). “The differential diagnosis of ritual abuse allegations.” Journal of Forensic Science 42(1), 32-38.

Boat, B.W. (1991). Caregivers as surrogate therapists in treatment of a ritualistically abused child. In W.N. Friedrich (Ed.) , Casebook of sexual abuse treatment., (pp. 1-26). New York: Norton.

Bottoms, B.L.; Shaver, P.R.; Goodman, G.S. (1996). “An analysis of ritualistic and religion-related child abuse allegations” (PDF). Law and Human Behavior 20 (1): 1-34. doi:10.1007/BF01499130. http://www.springerlink.com/content/q40489p813183l15/

Bottoms, Bette L., Diviak, K. R. and Davis, S. L. (1997) “Jurors’ reactions to satanic ritual abuse allegations.” Child Abuse and Neglect 21(9):845-59.

Brandt, Susan Jeannine. An analysis of the mental health professionals’ response to satanic ritual abuse. Dissertation Abstracts International 1993 Jul Vol 54(1-A), pp. 87–88.

Braun, B. (1986). “Issues in the Psychotherapy of Multiple Personality Disorder”, pp. 1-28. in Braun, B. (1986). Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press Inc., 206. ISBN 0-88048-096-3.

Brown, Ian, “A Case Study Investigation of the Development and Treatment of Alter Personalities in Dissociative Identity Disorder” Edith Cowan University, 2006 http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0027.html

Brown, J.B. (2008). A Therapeutic Relationship: Shifting Boundaries in the Service of Healing. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic,  Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 381-412. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Brown, D. (1994). Satanic ritual abuse: A therapist’s handbook. Denver, CO: Blue Moon Press.

Brunet, Lynn, MA (Hons)  Doctor of Philosophy “Terror, trauma and the eye in the triangle: the Masonic presence in contemporary art and culture”  November 2007 p. 98 – 101 has information on allegations of Masonic ritual abuse  http://ogma.newcastle.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:749

Buck, S. (2008). The RAINS Network in the UK (Ritual Abuse Information Network and Support). In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 307- 326. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Bucky, Steven F.; Dalenberg, Constance; The relationship between training of mental health professionals and the reporting of ritual abuse and multiple personality disorder symptomatology. Journal of Psychology & Theology, Vol 20(3), Fal 1992. Special issue: Satanic ritual abuse: The current state of knowledge. pp. 233-238.

Bybee, D. & Mowbray, C. (1993). An analysis of allegations of sexual abuse in a multi-victim day-care center case. Child Abuse and Neglect. 17(6): 767-783.

Byington, Judy MSW, LCSW, ret. (2012) Twenty-Two Faces – Inside the Extraordinary Life of Jenny Hill and Her Twenty-Two Multiple Personalities Tate Publishing May, 2012 ISBN-13: 978-1620240328  http://22faces.com/

Calof, D. L. “From the editor’s desk: Regarding the credibility of ritual abuse reports.” Treating Abuse Today 1(4) 1991 p. 4

Caradonna, Maria. Ritual child abuse. Dissertation Abstracts  International; 1992 Apr Vol 52(10- B) 5519 IS ISSN/ISBN: 04194217

Child Abuse Wiki articles:

Ritual Abuse
http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Ritual_Abuse

Extreme Abuse Surveys
http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Extreme_Abuse_Surveys

Hell Minus One http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Hell_Minus_One

Ritual Abuse Torture http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Ritual_Abuse_Torture

Breaking the Circle of Satanic Ritual Abuse
http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Breaking_the_Circle_of_Satanic_Ritual_Abuse

Cult and Ritual Abuse
http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Cult_and_Ritual_Abuse

Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder
http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Forensic_Aspects_of_Dissociative_Identity_Disorder

Ritual Abuse in the Twenty First Century
http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Ritual_Abuse_in_the_Twenty-First_Century

Treating Survivors of Satanist Abusehttp://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Treating_Survivors_of_Satanist_Abuse

Chronology of the McMartin Preschool Abuse Trials and information on the case http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/mcmartin-preschool-case-what-really-happened-and-the-coverup/

Cole, Deborah A. The incidence of ritual abuse: A preliminary survey. Dissertation Abstracts International 1992 Dec Vol 53(6-B), p. 3150.
Coleman, J. (1994). Presenting features in adult victims of Satanist ritual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 3: 83-92.

Coleman, J. (2008). Satanist ritual abuse and the problem of credibility. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 9-22. London: Karnac.

Common Programs Observed in Survivors of Satanic Ritualistic Abuse
describes crimes of abuse and programming techniques
David W. Neswald, M.A. M.F.C.C. in collaboration with Catherine Gould, Ph.D. and Vicki Graham-Costain, Ph.D. The California Therapist, Sept./Oct. 1991, 47-50
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/common-programs-observed-in-survivors-of-satanic-ritualistic-abuse/

Constantine, Alex “McMartin Preschool Revisited” p. 136-181 in Virtual Government – CIA Mind Control Operations in America (1997) Feral House Pub., ISBN 0-922915-45-8 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/psnews/message/222

Constantine, Alex – Ray Buckey’s Press Corps and the Tunnels of McMartin in Psychic Dictatorship in the USA (Feral House, 1995) http://groups.yahoo.com/group/psnews/message/226 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/psnews/message/227 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/psnews/message/228 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/psnews/message/235

Cook, C. (1991). Understanding ritual abuse: A study of thirty-three ritual abuse survivors. Treating Abuse Today, 1(4), 14-19.

Cook, S. (2008). Opening Pandora’s box. P In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 155-166. London: Karnac.

Cozolino, L.J. (1990). “Ritual child abuse, psychopathology, and evil”. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 18(3):218-227 https://wisdom.biola.edu/jpt

Cozolino, L.J. (1989). “The ritual abuse of children: Implications for clinical practice and research.” Journal of Sex Research 26(1), 131-138.

Cozolino, L.J.; Shaffer, R.E (Fall 1992) Satanic Ritual Abuse: The Current State of Knowledge Adults who report childhood ritualistic abuse. Journal of Psychology and Theology 20(3) https://wisdom.biola.edu/jpt

Craighead, W. E.; Corsini, R.J.; Nemeroff, C. B. (2002) The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science Published by John Wiley and Sons ISBN 0471270830 – Sadistic Ritual Abuse (p.1435 – 1438) http://books.google.com/books?id=JQMRmyOfpJ8C&pg=PA1435&vq=ritual+abuse&output=html&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1

Cross, S.  with “Louise” (and her alters) (2008). Am I safe yet?  In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 62-78. London: Karnac.

Dawson, Judith. “Ritual abuse.” Social Work Today 22(3) 1991 p.418

Day Care and Child Abuse Cases

http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/day-care-and-child-abuse-cases/

This page has information on the McMartin Preschool Case, Michelle Remembers, the Fells Acres – Amirault Case, the Wenatchee, Washington Case, the Dale Akiki Case, the Glendale Montessori – Toward case, the Little Rascals Day Care Center case, Fran’s Day Care case, the Baran case, the Halsey case, the West Memphis 3 case, the Friedman’s case and the Christchurch Civic Creche sex abuse – Peter Ellis case.

deMause, Lloyd, “Why Cults Terrorize and Kill Children” The Journal of Psychohistory 21 (4) 1994 [4] http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/why-cults-terrorize-and-kill-children-lloyd-demause-the-journal-of-psychohistory/
http://web.archive.org/web/20060824054351/http://www.geocities.com/kidhistory/denyra.htm

deMause, L. (1998) The History of Child Abuse – The Journal of Psychohistory V. 25, N. 3, Winter 1998 and Sexual Addicitons & Compulsivity V 1 n1 1994 http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/the-history-of-child-abuse-lloyd-demause-the-journal-of-psychohistory/

deMause, L. (1991) The Universality of Incest – Journal of Psychohistory 19 (2) Winter 1991
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/the-universality-of-incest-lloyd-demause/
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/the-universality-of-incest-lloyd-demause-part-two/
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/the-universality-of-incest-lloyd-demause-part-three/
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/the-universality-of-incest-lloyd-demause-part-four/

Driscoll, L. N. & Wright, C. (1991). Survivors of childhood ritual abuse: Multi-generational Satanic cult involvement. Treating Abuse Today, 1(4), 5–13.

Edwards, Louise M.”Differentiating between ritual assault and sexual abuse,” J Child and Youth Care 6(4) 1991 pp. 169-88.

Extreme Abuse Surveys (2007): 750 pages of data on pdf files: http://extreme-abuse-survey.net EAS for survivors of extreme abuse, P-EAS for professionals who work with survivors of extreme abuse, C-EAS for caregivers who work with children who report extreme/ritual abuse.

Faller, K.C. (1 994). Ritual Abuse: A Review of the Research. The American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children Advisor. 7(1).

Faller, K.C. (1988). The spectrum of sexual abuse in day care. Journal of Family Violence. 3(4): 283-298.

Faller, K.C. (1990). Sexual abuse of children in cults: A medical health perspective. Roundtable. 2(2).

Feldman GC; Survivors of sadistic abuse: how to spot them Emergency Medicine, 1993 Aug; 25 (11): 83-7.

Finkelhor, D., Williams, L., & Bums, N. (1988). Nursery Crimes: Sexual abuse in day care. Newbury Park, CA.: Sage Publications.

Fliß CM & Igney C (2008). Handbuch Trauma & Dissoziation. Lengerich:  Pabst Science Publishers.Becker, T. (Chapters on Ritual Violence and Organized Abuse)

Fotheringham, T. (2008). Patterns in Mind-Control: A First Person Account. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 491-540. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Fraser, G. A. (1990). “Satanic ritual abuse: A cause of multiple personality disorder”. Special issue: In the shadow of Satan: The ritual abuse of children. Journal of Child and Youth Care, 55-60

Freer, M. (2001). “The politics and experience of ritual abuse: beyond disbelief” 10 (2): 220. Health sociology review.

Frequently Asked Questions about Ritual Abuse and Mind Control http://www.survivorship.org/faq.html

Frohling, U. (in pre-publication, 2008). Our Father Who Art in Hell: A Factual Account. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, pp. 355-362.  J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds). Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Gallagher, B (1996), The nature and extent of known cases of organised child sexual abuse in England and Wales in Bibby, P. (ed.). Organised Abuse: The Current Debate. Arena.

Gallagher, B. (2001). Assessment and intervention in cases of suspected ritual child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 10, 227-242.

Galton, G. (2008). Some clinical implications of believing or not believing the patient. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 116-126. London: Karnac.

Garvey, Kevin, and Blood, Linda Osborne. “Interesting times [critique of Satanism in America ]” Cultic Studies Journal 8(2) 1991 pp. 151-90

Gelb, Jerome L. “Multiple personality disorder and satanic ritual abuse,” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27(4) 1993 pp. 701-8

Gelb, Jerome L. “Multiple personality disorder and satanic ritual abuse [letter] Comment in: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 1(3) 1994 pp. 154-.

Golston, J. (1993). Ritual abuse: Raising hell in psychotherapy: Creation of cruelty: The political military and multigenerational training of torturers: Violent initiation and the role of traumatic dissociation. Treating Abuse Today, 3(6), 12-19.

Gonzalez, L.S., Waterman, J., Kelly, R.J., McCord, J., & Oliveri, M.K. (1993). Children’s patterns of disclosures and recantations of sexual and ritualistic allegations in psychotherapy. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 281-289.

Gonzalez, Lauren S.; Waterman, Jill; Kelly, Robert J.; Children’s patterns of disclosures and recantations of sexual and ritualistic abuse allegations in psychotherapy. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol 17(2), Mar-Apr 1993. pp. 281-289.

Goodman, G.S., Qin, J., Bottoms, B.L., & Shaver (1994). Characteristics and sources of allegations of ritualistic child abuse: Final report to the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect

Goodman, Gail S.; Quas, Jodi A.; Bottoms, Bette L.. Children’s religious knowledge: Implications for understanding satanic ritual abuse allegations. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol 21(11), Nov 1997. pp. 1111-1130.

Goodwin, J. (1993). “Sadistic abuse: definition, recognition, and treatment”. Dissociation 6 (2/3): 181-187. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1634

Gould, C., & Cozolino, L. (1992) “Ritual abuse, multiplicity, and mind-control.” Special Issue: Satanic ritual abuse: The current state of knowledge. Journal of Psychology and Theology 20(3):194-6 https://wisdom.biola.edu/jpt

Gould, C. (1992) Diagnosis and treatment of ritually abused children in Sakheim, D.K. (1992). Out of Darkness: Exploring Satanism and Ritual Abuse. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-669-26962-X.

Gould, C. & Graham-Costain, V. (1994). “Play therapy with ritually abused children.” Treating Abuse Today, 4(2), 4-1; 4(3), 14-19.

Gould, C. & Neswald, D. (1992). “Basic treatment and program neutralization strategies for adult MPD survivors of satanic ritual abuse.” Treating Abuse Today, 2(3), 5–10.

Gould, C. (1995). Denying ritual abuse of children. Journal of Psychohistory, 22(3), 329-339.
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/denying-ritual-abuse-of-children-catherine-gould/
http://web.archive.org/web/20060824054351/http://www.geocities.com/kidhistory/denyra.htm

Harper, Jane. “Ritual abuse work.” Social Work Today 23(16) 1991 pp. 20

Hauer, C. (2005). Transpersonal aspects of the treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder as
a result of ritual abuse: A mutual descent into the underworld. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. Vol 65(8-B), pp. 4287.

Healey, C. (2008). Unsolved: investigating allegations of ritual abuse. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 23-31. London: Karnac.

Hersha, C.; Hersha, L.; Griffis, D.; Schwarz, T (2001). Secret Weapons. Far Hills, NJ: New Horizon Press. ISBN 0-88282-196-2.

Hill.J (1996) Believing Rachel The Journal of Psychohistory 24 (2) Fall 1996 – describes graphic crimes of abuse
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/believing-rachel-jeanne-hill-the-journal-of-psychohistory/

Hudson, P.S. (1990). “Ritual child abuse: A survey of symptoms and allegations.” Special issue: In the shadow of Satan: The ritual abuse of children. Journal of Child and Youth Care, 27-54.

Hudson, P. S. (1991). Ritual Child Abuse: Discovery, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Saratoga, Calif: R&E Publishers.

Ireland, S.J. & Ireland, M..J. (1994). A case history of family and cult abuse. The Journal of Psychohistory, 21(4), 417-428.

IVAT conference in San Diego, California, includes a 4-hour workshop, Wednesday, September 17, 1:00 to 5:00pm,  entitled: Torture-Based mind Control: Empirical Research, Programmer Methods, Effects & Treatment, by Wanda Karriker, Ph.D., Randy Noblitt, Ph.D., H. Jane Wakefield, MA (replacing Eileen Schrader, MSW), and Ellen P. Lacter, Ph.D.

Johnson Davis, Anne  “Hell Minus One: My Story of Deliverance From Satanic Ritual Abuse and My Journey to Freedom” Transcript Bulletin Publishing – ISBN 978-0-9788348-0-7 – 2008  “Anne’s parents confessed their atrocities—both in writing and verbally—to clergymen, and to detectives from the Utah Attorney General’s Office.  Anne’s suppressed memories, which erupted when she was in her mid-30s, were fully substantiated by her mother and stepfather….The book’s foreword was written by Lt. Detective Matt Jacobson, who was the lead investigator with the Utah Attorney General’s Office on Anne’s case in 1995.” http://hellminus1.com/

Woman revisits the ‘Hell’ of ritual abuse By Ben Winslow  Deseret News  12/10/08 http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705269563,00.html

Hell Minus One – signed verified confessions of satanic ritual abuse – Anne’s parents confessed their atrocities – both in writing and verbally. http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/survivor-stories/hell-minus-one-signed-verified-confessions-of-satanic-ritual-abuse/

An Interview With the Author of Hell Minus One
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/survivor-stories/interview-with-the-author-of-hell-minus-one/

Johnston, Jerry (1989). The Edge of Evil – The Rise of Satanism in North America. Dallas: Word Publishing. ISBN 0-8499-0668-7.

Jones, D.P.H. (1991). Ritualism and child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15, 163-170.

Jones, David P. “Ritualism and child sexual abuse.” Child Abuse and Neglect 15(3) 199, pp. 163-70

Jones, David P. “What do children know about religion and satanism?” Child Abuse Negl. 21(11) 1997 pp. 1109-10

Jonker, F. and Jonker-Bakker, P. ‘Effects of ritual abuse: The results of three surveys in The Netherlands.” Child Abuse and Neglect 21(6) 1997 pp. 541-56

Jonker, Fred. “Reaction to Benjamin Rossen’s investigation of satanic ritual abuse in Oude Pekela,” Special Issue: “Satanic ritual abuse: The current state of knowledge.” Psychology and Theology 20(3) 1992 pp. 260-2 “All Rossen’s statements about the children and their parents, about Professor Mik, about school teachers and about ourselves were based on no contact whatsoever with any of us.”
https://wisdom.biola.edu/jpt

Jonker, F and Jonker-Bakker, I. (1997). “Effects of Ritual Abuse: The results of three surveys in the Netherlands.” Child Abuse & Neglect 21(6):541-556

Jonker, F.; Jonker-bakker, P. (1991). “Experiences with ritualist child sexual abuse: a case study from the Netherlands”. Child Abuse and Neglect 15: 191-196. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(91)90064-K. PMID 2043971 http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ429991&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ429991

Jonker, Fred. “Safe behind the screen of ‘mass hysteria:’ A closing rejoinder to Benjamin Rossen.” Special Issue: “Satanic ritual abuse:The current state of’ knowledge.” Psychology and Theology, 20(3) 1992 pp. 267-70.

Jons, D. P. H. “Ritualism and child sexual abuse,” Child Abuse and Neglect Vol. 15, 1991

Juhasz, Susan “Coping skills of ritual abuse survivors: An exploratory study.” Smith College Studies in Social Work 65(3) 1995 pp. 255-267

Kagy, L. “Ritualized abuse of children.” Recap Winter 1986

Kail, T.M. (2008). Magico-Religious Groups and Ritualistic Activities: A Guide for First Responders. CRC.

Kam, Katherine. “Ritual killings have satanic overtones,” Christianity Today Vol. 32 1988 pp. 52-4

Karriker, Wanda (November, 2007). “Helpful healing methods: As rated by approximately 900 respondents to the “International Survey for Adult Survivors of Extreme Abuse (EAS).” http://endritualabuse.org/data-on-survivors-of-ritual-abuse-mind-control-and-healing-methods/

Karriker, Wanda (2003). Morning, Come Quickly. Catawba, NC: Sandime, LTD. ISBN 0-9717171-0-9.

Karriker, W. (2008, September). Torture-based mind control as a global phenomenon: Preliminary data from the 2007 series of Extreme Abuse Surveys. In Torture-based mind control: Empirical research, programmer methods, effects and treatment. Workshop conducted at the 13th International Conference on
Violence, Abuse and Trauma, San Diego, CA. http://ritualabuse.us/mindcontrol/eas-studies/torture-based-mind-control-as-a-global-phenomenon/

Karriker, Wanda. (2008, November). Understanding ritual trauma: A comparison of findings from three online surveys – Paper presented at the meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Chicago, IL.  http://ritualabuse.us/mindcontrol/eas-studies/understanding-ritual-trauma-a-comparison-of-findings-from-three-online-surveys

Katchen, M. (2008).  Interrelated Moral Panics and Counter-panics: The Cult Brainwashing Panic and The False Memory/ Ritual Abuse Moral Panic. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 193- 236. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Kelley, Susan J. (1990). “Parental stress response to sexual abuse and ritualistic abuse of children in day-care centers.” Nursing Research 39(1):25-9

Kelley, Susan J. (1989). “Stress responses of children to sexual abuse and ritualistic abuse in day care centers.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 4(4):502-513.

Kelley, Susan J. (1988). “Ritualistic Abuse: Dynamics and Impact.” Cultic Studies Journal, 5(2) pp. 228-36

Kelly, S. (1992b). Stress responses of children and parents to sexual abuse and ritualistic abuse in day care centers. In A.W. Burgess (Ed.), Child trauma I: Issues and research-New York: Garland Publishing Co., Inc.

Kelly, S. (1992a). Ritualistic abuse: Recognition, impact, and current controversy. Paper presented at the San Diego Conference on Responding to Child Maltreatment San Diego, CA.

Kelly, S. (1988). Ritualistic abuse of children: Dynamics and impact. Cultic Studies Journal. 5(2): 228-236.

Kelley, Susan J. Responses of children and parents to sexual abuse and Satanic ritualistic abuse in day care centers. Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 49, No. 12-B, Pt. 1, June 1989.
Keltner, N. L.; Schwecke, L.H.; Bostrom, C.E. (2007). Psychiatric Nursing. (5th ed.) Mosby Elsevier, St Louis, MO. ISBN 0-323-03906-5. In Chapter 41 “Survivors of Violence and Trauma” “Torture, Ritual Abuse and Mind Control” p. 608 – 610

Kent, Stephen. (1994). “Diabolic Debates: A Reply to David Frankfurter and J. S. La Fontaine,” Religion 24: 135-188.

Kent, Stephen. (1993). “Deviant Scripturalism and Ritual Satanic Abuse. II: Possible Masonic, Mormon, Magick, and Pagan influences”. Religion 23(4):355-367

Kent, Stephen. (1993). “Deviant Scripturalism and Ritual Satanic Abuse Part One: Possible Judeo-Christian Influences”. Religion 23(23):229-241.

King, G. F.; Yorker, B. (1996). “Case studies of children presenting with a history of ritualistic abuse”. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 9(2):18-26

Kinscherff, R. & Barnum, R (1992). Child forensic evaluation and claims of ritual abuse or Satanic cult activity: A critical analysis. In D.K. & S.E. Devine (Eds.), Out of Darkness: Exploring Satanism and ritual abuse. 73-107. New York, NY: Lexington Books.

Kluft, Richard P. “The phenomenology and treatment of extremely complex multiple personality disorder.” Dissociation 1(4) 1988 https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1396

Kluft, Richard P. “Various interventions in the treatment of multiple personality disorder.” Am J of Clinical Hypnosis 24 1982 pp. 230-240

Lacter, E.; Lehman, K. (2008). “Guidelines to Diagnosis of Ritual Abuse/Mind Control Traumatic Stress”. http://karnacbooks.metapress.com/content/h117u5253684526x/

Lacter, E. “Treating Dissociative, Abused and Ritually Abused, Children, Part I” (2004) http://truthbeknown2000.tripod.com/Truthbeknown2000/id7.html

Lacter, E. & Lehman, K (2008). Guidelines to Diagnosis of  Ritual Abuse/Mind Control Traumatic Stress. Attachment – New Directions in Psychotherapy and Relational Psychoanalysis. Volume 2, July 2008.

Lacter, E. & Lehman, K. (2008). Guidelines to Differential Diagnosis between Schizophrenia and Ritual Abuse/Mind Control Traumatic Stress. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 85- 154. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.  excerpt from the chapter  http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/studies/ritual-abuse-diagnosis-research-2/

Lacter, E. (2008). Mind control: simple to complex. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 184-194. London: Karnac.

Lacter, E (2008-02-11). “Brief Synopsis of the Literature on the Existence of Ritualistic Abuse”.

Laterz, J., & Borden, T. (1993). Mother/daughter incest and
ritual abuse: The ultimate taboos. Treating Abuse Today, 3 (4), 5-8.

Lawrence, K.J.; Cozolino, L.; Foy, D.W. (1995). “Psychological sequelae in adult females reporting childhood ritualistic abuse”. Child Abuse & Neglect 19 (8): 975-984. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00059-H. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V7N-3YB56DX-1X&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=b9a75a7e349d4efe5a11ed205f736cf5

Leavitt, Frank, Labott, Susan M.”The role of media and hospital exposure on Rorschach response patterns by patients reporting satanic ritual abuse.”  American Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol 18(2),2000. pp. 35-55.

Leavitt F, & Labott, S. M.(1998). Revision of the Word Association Test for assessing associations of patients reporting Satanic ritual abuse in childhood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(7), 933-943.

Leavitt, F. (1994). “Clinical Correlates of Alleged Satanic Abuse and Less Controversial Sexual Molestation.”. Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal 18 (4): 387-92. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(94)90041-8. http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ483422&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ483422

Leavitt, Frank. “Measuring the impact of media exposure and hospital treatment on patients alleging satanic ritual abuse.” Treating Abuse Today 8(4) 1998 pp. 7-13 http://web.archive.org/web/20000306224228/http://idealist.com/tat/leavitt.shtml

Leavitt, Frank. “False attribution of suggestibility to explain recovered memory of childhood sexual abuse following extended amnesia.”Child Abuse Negl 21(3) 1997 pp. 265-72

Lewis, Suzanne Lee.  “Psychotherapy and spirituality: A paradigm for healing. ”  Paper Number: 20011010 Source/Citation: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering; Vol 61(10-B) May 2001

Lloyd, D. W. (1992). Ritual child abuse: Definitions and assumptions. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 1(3), 1-14.
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a904372913

Lloyd, David W. “Ritual child abuse: Understanding the controversies.” Cultic Studies J 8(2) 1991 pp. 122-133
http://www.icsahome.com/logon/elibdocview.asp?Subject=Ritual+Child+Abuse%3A+Understanding+the+Controversies

Lloyd, David W. “Ritual child abuse: Where do we go from here?” Children’s Legal Rights J12 Winter, 1991 pp. 12-8
http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=129533

Lockwood, C. (1993) Other altars: Roots and Realities of Cultic and Satanic Ritual Abuse and Multiple Personality Disorder. Minneapolis, MN: Compcare.

Macfarland, R.B.,& Lockerbie, G. (1994). Difficulties in treating ritually abused children. Journal of Psychohistory, 21(4), 429-434.

MacGauley, Jackie Interview (McMartin) – http://ritualabuse.us/2008/10/issue-37-march-2001/

Madu, S. N.; Peltzer, K.; Correlates for psychological, physical, emotional and ritualistic forms of child abuse among high school students in the Northern Province, South Africa. Southern African Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Vol 11(1), 1999. pp. 56-66.

Mallard, C.  (2008). Ritual Abuse–A Personal Account And the Unpublished Police Guidelines. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 327-336. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Mangen, R. (1992). Psychological testing and ritual abuse. In D.K. Sakheim & S.E. Devine (Eds.), Out of darkness: Exploring Satanism and ritual abuse (pp. 147-173). New York: Lexington.

Marron, Kevin. Ritual Abuse: Canada’s Most Infamous Trial On Child Abuse Seal Books, McClelland-Bantam Inc., Toronto. 1988 ISBN: 0-7704-2250-0

Martin, Sharon K. Working with adult survivors of ritual abuse. Dissertation Abstracts International. Vol. 52, No. 9-B, March 1992, p. 4979.

McCulley, Dale. “Satanic ritual abuse: A question of memory,” Psychology and Theology . 22(3) 1994, pp. 167-72
There is no longer room for denial and disbelief – for evading the grim reality of SRA – by recourse to memory research which simply does not apply. Solid scientific inquiry does not allow us that luxury; neither should Christian conscience. https://wisdom.biola.edu/jpt

McCully, Robert S. “The laugh of satan: A study of a familial murderer.” Personality Assessment 42(1) 1978 pp. 81-91

McCully, Robert S. “Satan’s eclipse: A familial murderer six years later.” British J Projective Psychology and Personality 125(2) 1980 pp. 13-7

McFall, Mairi. “Building connections: Ritual abuse.” Wlw 13(3/4) 1990 p. 8

McFarland, Robert B. and Lockerbie, Grace. “Difficulties in treating ritually abused children.” J Psychohistory , 21(4) Spring 1994 pp.429-34,

McLeod, K. and Goddard, C. R. (2005) ‘The ritual abuse of children – A critical perspective’ Children Australia, 30 (1):27-34

The McMartin Preschool Case – What Really Happened and the Cover-up http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/mcmartin-preschool-case-what-really-happened-and-the-coverup/

McMinn, Mark R., and Wade, Nathaniel G. “Beliefs about the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder, sexual abuse, and ritual abuse among religious and nonreligious therapists.” Professional Psychology Research and Practice 26(3) 1995 pp. 257-61

McShane, Claudette. “Satanic sexual abuse: A paradigm” Affilia J Women and Social Work 8(2) 1993

Miller, A. (2008).  Recognizing and Treating Survivors of Abuse by Organized Criminal Groups. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 443-478. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Miller, Alison (2011).  Healing the Unimaginable – Treating Ritual Abuse and Mind Control  – Healing the Unimaginable: Treating Ritual Abuse and Mind Control is a practical, task-oriented, instructional manual designed to help therapists provide effective treatment for survivors of these most extreme forms of child abuse and mental manipulation. Paperback: 978 1 85575 882 7 October 2011 Karnac Books http://karnac.styluspub.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=286428

Mollan, P. (2008). When the imaginary becomes the real: reflections of a bemused psychoanalyst. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 108-115. London: Karnac.

Mulhern, Sherrill A. “Satanism, ritual abuse, and multiple personality disorder: A sociohistorical perspective.” Special Issue: Hypnosis and delayed recall: I, International J Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 42(4) 1994 pp. 265-88

Mulhern, Sherrill A. “Patients reporting ritual abuse in childhood: A clinical response,” Child Abuse and Neglect 15(4) 1991 pp. 609-11

Mulhern, Sherrill A. “Ritual abuse: Defining a syndrome versus defending a belief,” Special issue: Satanic ritual abuse: The current state of knowledge Psychology and Theology 20(3) 1992 pp. 230-2

Myers, J.E. (1994). The backlash: Child protection under fire. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Nelson, S. (2008). The Orkney “Satanic Abuse Case:” Who Cared About the Children? In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 337-354. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Neswald, D., Gould, C., & Graham-Costain, V. (1991). “Common programs observed in survivors of Satanic ritual abuse.” The California Therapist, 3 (5), 47 50. http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/common-programs-observed-in-survivors-of-satanic-ritualistic-abuse/
http://web.archive.org/web/20041207092311/http://www.geocities.com/kidhistory/sracp.htm

Neswald, David W. and Gould, Catherine. “Basic treatment and program neutralization strategies for adult MPD survivors of satanic ritual abuse.” Treating Abuse Today 2(3) 3 1992 pp. 5-10

Noblitt, R. (2008).  Rituals: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 17-20. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Noblitt, R. & Perskin, P. (2008). Redefining the Language of Ritual Abuse and the Politics that Dictate It. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 21-30. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Noblitt, JR; Perskin PS (2000). Cult and ritual abuse: its history, anthropology, and recent discovery in contemporary America. New York: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96665-8. http://books.google.ca/books?id=zJkTTpfyJ-8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0 Chapter 6 – Empirical Evidence of Ritual Abuse

Noblitt, PhD, J. R. – An Empirical Look at the Ritual Abuse Controversy (2007) http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/an-empirical-look-at-the-ritual-abuse-controversy-randy-noblitt-phd/

Noblitt, J.R. (1995). “Psychometric measures of trauma among psychiatric patients reporting ritual abuse”. Psychological Reports 77(3):743-747. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8559911

Noblitt, J.R.; Perskin, P. S. (eds) (2008). Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations. Bandor, OR: Robert Reed, 552. ISBN 1-934759-12-0.

Nurcombe, Barry. “The ritual abuse of children: Clinical features and diagnostic reasoning.” Erratum. Am Acad Child and Adol Psych 30(5) 1991 p. 846

Nurcombe, Barry and Unutzer, Jurgen “The ritual abuse of children: Clinical features and diagnostic reasoning.” [published erratum appears in Am Acad Child Adoles Psych 30(5) 1991 p. 846] [see comments] Am Acad Child Adoles Psych 30(2) 1991 pp. 272-6

Oksana, Chrystine (2001). Safe Passage to Healing – A Guide for Survivors of Ritual Abuse. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.com. ISBN 0-595-201000-8. 1994 pub. HarperPerennial.

Paley, K. (June 1992). “Dream wars: a case study of a woman with multiple personality disorder” (PDF). Dissociation 5 (2): 111-116.  https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1646

Pepinsky, H. (2005). “A criminologist’s quest for peace”. Critical Justice 1 (1). http://critcrim.org/cj/index.php/critjust/article/view/4/17

Pepinsky, H. (2002) “A struggle to inquire without becoming an un-critical non-criminologist.” Critical Criminology 11(1):61-73

Pepinsky, H. (2005). “Sharing and Responding to Memories”. American Behavioral Scientist 48 (10): 1360. doi:10.1177/0002764205277013.

Pepinsky, H (2006) PEACEMAKING – Reflections of a Radical Criminologist by Hal Pepinsky – The University of Ottawa Press ISBN10:  0776606409 http://critcrim.org/sites/default/files/Pepinsky_proofs_0.pdf

Perlman, S. D. (1995). One analyst’s journey into darkness: Countertransference resistance to recognizing sexual abuse, ritual abuse, and multiple personality disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 23(1), 137-51.

Perry, N. E.(1992).Therapists’ experiences of the effects of working with dissociative patients. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, Chicago, IL.

Pike, Patricia L.; Mohline, Richard J.; Ritual abuse and recovery: Survivors’ personal accounts. Journal of Psychology & Theology, Vol 23(1), Spr 1995. pp. 45-55. https://wisdom.biola.edu/jpt

Raschke, C. (2008). The Politics of the “False Memory” Controversy: The Making of an Academic Urban Legend. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 177- 192. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Raschke, Carl A. (1990). Painted Black. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-104080-0.

Report of the Ritual Abuse Task Force – Los Angeles County Commission for Women – Ritual abuse is a brutal form of abuse of children, adolescents, and adults, consisting of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, and involving the use of rituals.
http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/report-of-the-ritual-abuse-task-force-los-angeles-county-commission-for-women/
http://web.archive.org/web/20071122165718/http://www.geocities.com/kidhistory/ra.htm

Report of Utah State Task Force on Ritual Abuse – Utah Governor’s Commission for Women and Families (1992) http://www.saferchildren.net/print/utahrataskforce.pdf

Riseman, J. (2008). Ritual Abuse Survivors: Diverse, Yet Similar. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 479-490. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Ritual Abuse Statistics & Research http://web.archive.org/web/20071210161357/http://home.mchsi.com/~ftio/ra-stats.htm

Ritual Abuse Bibliography http://ra-info.org/for-researchers/bibliographies/ritual-abuse-primary-and-secondary-source-books/

Rockwell, R.B. (1994). One psychiatrists view of Satanic ritual abuse. The Journal of Psychohistory, 21(4), 443-460.

Rogers, Martha L. “The Oude Pekela incident: A case study of alleged SRA from the Netherlands.” Psychology and Theology, 20(3) 1992 pp. 257-59

Rutz, C. Becker, T., Overkamp, B. & Karriker, W. (2008). Exploring Commonalities Reported by Adult Survivors of Extreme Abuse: Preliminary Empirical Findings. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 31- 84. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Rutz, Carol (2001). A Nation Betrayed. Grass Lake, MI: Fidelity Publishing. ISBN 0-9710102-0-X.

Ryder, Daniel. (1992). Breaking the Circle of Satanic Ritual Abuse: Recognizing and Recovering – CompCare Pub.

Sachs, R.; Braun, B. (1987). “Issues in treating MPD patients with satanic cult involvement” in Fourth International Conference on Multiple Personality/ Dissociative States. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Multiple Personality/ Dissociative States: 383-87, Chicago: Rush-Presbyterian-St.Luke’s Medical Center. as cited in Sakheim, D.K. (1992). Out of Darkness: Exploring Satanism and Ritual Abuse. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-669-26962-X.

Sachs, A. (2008). Infanticidal attachment: the link between dissociative identity disorder and crime. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 127-139. London: Karnac.

Sachs, R.G. (1990). “The role of sex and pregnancy in Satanic cults”. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health, 5(2):105-114

Sachs, A. & Galton, G. (Eds) (2008). Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder. London: Karnac.

Chapters include discussions on ritual abuse, dissociative identity disorder, mind control, extreme abuse, survivor accounts and criminal convictions

http://www.karnacbooks.com/product.php?PID=25876

http://books.google.com/books?id=upHtL9lual0C&dq=Forensic+aspects+of+dissociative+identity+disorder+|&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=caNy__6-zt&sig=VwIOryBkcSN0nh24CJR3aJkS_gs&hl=en&ei=702fSbmpOo_ftgfe5eSVDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result#v=onepage&q=Forensic%20aspects%20of%20dissociative%20identity%20disorder%20|&f=false

Sakheim, D.K. (1996). Clinical aspects of sadistic ritual abuse. In L.K. Michelson & W.J. Ray (Eds), Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives, (pp. 569-594). New York: Plenum Press.

Sakheim, D.K. (1992). Out of Darkness: Exploring Satanism and Ritual Abuse. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-669-26962-X.

Salter, M. (2008). Out of the Shadows:  Re-envisioning the Debate on Ritual Abuse. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and  Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp.  155- 176. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Salter, M. (2008) Organized abuse and the politics of disbelief  (p.243 – 283) in Proceedings of the 2nd Australian & New Zealand Critical Criminology Conference 19 – 20 June 2008 Sydney, Australia – Presented by the Crime & Justice Research Network and the Australian and New Zealand Critical Criminology Network – Published by The Crime and Justice research Newtork University of New South Wales December, 2008 http://www.cjrn.unsw.edu.au/critcrimproceedings2008.pdf ISBN: 9780646507378 (pdf)

Sarson, J. & MacDonald, L. (2008). Ritual Abuse-Torture within Families/Groups. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 16(4), pp. 419-438. https://www.haworthpress.com:443/store/ArticleAbstract.asp?sid=GKL6RNSLURXB9PFCP3HCAPM5XE9N2W9D&ID=110371

Sarson, J. and L. McDonald “Ritual Abuse-Torture in Families”, in Jackson, N. (ed) Encyclopedia of Domestic Violence, Routledge, 2007

Sarson, J; MacDonald,L. – Defining Torture by Non-State Actors in the Canadian Private Sphere – from First Light – A Biannual Publication of the Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture

Schmuttermaier, J; Veno S (1999). “Counselors’ beliefs about ritual abuse: An Australian Study”. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 8 (3): 45-63. doi:10.1300/J070v08n03_03. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ607651&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ607651

Schumacher, R.B.; Carlson, R.S. (September 1999). “Variables and risk factors associated with child abuse in daycare settings.”. Child Abuse & Neglect 23 (9): 891-8. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Inc.. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00057-5. ISSN 0145-2134. PMID 10505902.

Scott, S. (2001). The politics and experience of ritual abuse: beyond disbelief. Open University Press. ISBN 0335204198. http://www.amazon.com/Politics-Experience-Ritual-Abuse/dp/0335204198

Silverstone, J. (2008). Corroboration in the body tissues. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 145-154. London: Karnac.

Sinason, V (1994). Treating Survivors of Satanist Abuse. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10543-9.

Sinason, V., Galton, G., & Leevers, D. (2008). Where are We Now? Ritual Abuse, Dissociation, Police and the Media. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 363-380. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Sinason, V. (2008). When murder moves inside. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 100-107. London: Karnac.

Sinason, V. (2008). From social conditioning to mind control. In A. Sachs & G. Galton (Eds.), Forensic Aspects of Dissociative Identity Disorder, pp. 167-183. London: Karnac.

Smith, Margaret. (1993). Ritual Abuse: What it Is, why it Happens, and how to Help by Margaret – HarperCollins

Snow B. & Sorensen (1990). “Ritualistic child abuse in a neighborhood setting.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 5(4):474-487.

Sparkes, Barry H. Playing with the devil: Adolescent involvement with the occult, black magic, witchcraft, and the satanic to manage feelings of despair. Dissertation Abstracts International.  Vol. 50, No. 12-B, Pt 1, June 1990.

Summit, R.C. (1994). “The dark tunnels of McMartin” Journal of Psychohistory 21 (4): 397-416. http://ritualabuse.us/ritualabuse/articles/the-dark-tunnels-of-mcmartin-dr-roland-c-summit-journal-of-psychohistory/
http://web.archive.org/web/20060426210043/http://www.geocities.com/kidhistory/mcmartin.htm

Tamarkin, C. (1991). Critical Issues in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ritual Abuse. Workshop presented at the Eighth International Conference on Multiple Personality I Dissociative States. Chicago, IL.

Tamarkin, C. (1994a). Investigative Issues in Ritual Abuse Cases, Part I. Treating Abuse Today, 4 (4): 14-23. Tamarkin, C. (1994b). Investigative Issues in Ritual Abuse Cases, Part II. Treating Abuse Today, 4 (5): 5-9. McMartin http://abusearticles.wordpress.com/2007/12/02/investigative-issues-in-ritual-abuse-cases-part-1-and-2-1994/

The Satanism and Ritual Abuse Archive contains 92 cases as of February 12, 2008. http://endritualabuse.org/satanism-and-ritual-abuse-archive/

Uherek, A.M. (1991). Treatment of a ritually abused preschooler. In W.N. Friedrich (Ed.) Casebook of sexual abuse treatment. (pp. 70-92). New York: Norton.

Valente, S. (2000). “Controversies and challenges of ritual abuse.”. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 38 (11): 8-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11105292

Valente SM. (1992) The challenge of ritualistic child abuse. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 5(2):37-46. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119988480/abstract

Van Benschoten, Susan C. (1990). “Multiple Personality Disorder and Satanic Ritual Abuse: the Issue Of Credibility” Dissociation Vol. III, No. 1 http://www.empty-memories.nl/dis_90/vanbenschoten_sra.pdf https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1492

Waterman, Jill; Kelly, Robert J.;Oliveri, M. K.;and McCord, Jane (1993). Behind the Playground Walls – Sexual Abuse in Preschools. New York, London: The Guilford Press, 284-8. ISBN 0-89862-523-8.

Wong, B., & McKeen, J. (1990). “A case of multiple life-threatening illnesses related to early ritual abuse.” Special Issue: In the shadow of Satan: The ritual abuse of children. Journal of Child and Youth Care 1-26.

Woodsum, Gayle M. (1998). The Ultimate Challenge. Laramie, WY: ARI Books. ISBN 0-9665974-0-0.

Yoeli, F.R. & Prattos, T. (2008). Terrorism is the Ritual Abuse of the Twenty-first Century. In Ritual Abuse in the Twenty-first Century: Psychological, Forensic, Social and Political Considerations, J.R. Noblitt & P. S. Perskin (Eds), pp. 261-306. Bandon, Oregon: Robert D. Reed Publishers.

Young, Walter C., Sachs, Roberta G., Braun, Bennett G., and Watkins, R. T. (1993) “Patients reporting ritual abuse in childhood: A clinical syndrome. Report of 37 cases.” Child Abuse and Neglect 15(3):181-9

Young, W.C. & Young, L.J. (1997). Recognition and special treatment issues in patients reporting childhood sadistic ritual abuse. In G.A. Fraser (Ed.), The dilemma of ritual abuse: Cautions and guides for therapists (pp. 65-103). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Young, W.C. (1992). “Recognition and treatment of survivors reporting ritual abuse”. In Out of darkness: Exploring Satanism and Ritual Abuse, Edited by D.K. Sakheim & S.E. Devine (pp. 249-278). New York: Lexington.

Young, W. C. (1993). “Sadistic ritual abuse. An overview in detection and management”. Primary Care, 20(2), 447-58.
Youngson, Sheila C.. Ritual Abuse: Consequences for Professionals. Child Abuse Review, Dec 93, Vol. 2 Issue 4, p 251-262