CIA Behavior Control Experiments Focus of New Scholarly Collection

 

CIA Behavior Control Experiments Focus of New Scholarly Collection                

• National Security Archive Publishes Key Records on Infamous MKULTRA Program    Agency Sought Drugs and Behavior Control Techniques to Use in “Special Interrogations” and Offensive Operations

• Sidney Gottlieb’s CIA Personnel File, 1983 Deposition Testimony, Among Newly Available Documents
• Digital National Security Archive (DNSA): CIA and the Behavioral Sciences: Mind Control, Drug Experiments and MKULTRA
• CIA’s 1963 KUBARK interrogation manual 
• Deposition of Sidney Gottlieb, PhD, in Civil Action No. 80-3163, Mrs. David Orlikow, et al., Plaintiffs, vs. United States of America, Defendant, May 17, 1983 - Allan Memorial Institute, where CIA-backed staff performed horrific experiments on psychiatric patients during the 1950s and 60s

 

National Security Archive Publishes Key Records on Infamous MKULTRA Program    Agency Sought Drugs and Behavior Control Techniques to Use in “Special Interrogations” and Offensive Operations

Sidney Gottlieb’s CIA Personnel File, 1983 Deposition Testimony, Among Newly Available Documents

Washington, D.C., December 23, 2024 – Today, the National Security Archive and ProQuest (part of Clarivate) celebrate the publication of a new scholarly document collection many years in the making on the shocking secret history of the CIA’s mind control research programs. The new collection, CIA and the Behavioral Sciences: Mind Control, Drug Experiments and MKULTRA, brings together more than 1,200 essential records on one of the most infamous and abusive programs in CIA history.

Under code names that included MKULTRA, BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE, the CIA conducted terrifying experiments using drugs, hypnosis, isolation, sensory deprivation, and other extreme techniques on human subjects, often U.S. citizens, who frequently had no idea what was being done to them or that they were part of a CIA test.

Today’s announcement comes 50 years after a New York Times investigation by Seymour Hersh touched off probes that would bring MKULTRA abuses to light. The new collection also comes 70 years since U.S. pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly & Company first developed a process to streamline the manufacture of LSD in late 1954, becoming the CIA’s chief supplier of the newly discovered psychoactive chemical central to many of the Agency’s behavior control efforts.

Highlights of the new MKULTRA collection include:
    A DCI-approved plan in 1950 for the establishment of “interrogation teams” that would “utilize the polygraph, drugs, and hypnotism to attain the greatest results in interrogation techniques.” (Document 2)
    A 1951 memo that captures a meeting between CIA and foreign intelligence officials about mind control research and their shared interest in the concept of individual mind control. (Document 3)
    A 1952 entry from the daily calendar of George White, a federal narcotics agent who ran a safehouse where the CIA tested drugs like LSD and performed other experiments on unwitting Americans. (Document 5)
    A 1952 report on the “successful” use of ARTICHOKE interrogation methods that combined the use of “narcosis” and “hypnosis” to induce regression and later amnesia on “Russian agents suspected of being doubled.” (Document 6)
    A 1956 memo in which MKULTRA chief Sidney Gottlieb signs off a project that would “evaluate the effects of large doses of LSD-25 in normal human volunteers” on federal prisoners in Atlanta. (Document 13)
    The 1963 report from the CIA’s inspector general, which led CIA leadership to reexamine the use of unwitting Americans in their covert drug testing program. (Document 16)
    The 1983 deposition of MKULTRA chief Sidney Gottlieb in a civil case brought by Velma “Val” Orlikow, a victim of CIA-sponsored projects conducted by Dr. Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal. (Document 20)

 
The challenges facing this documentation project were considerable, as CIA director Richard Helms and longtime MKULTRA chief Sidney Gottlieb destroyed most of the original project records in 1973. It is a story about secrecy—perhaps the most infamous cover-up in the Agency’s history. It is also a history marked by near-total impunity at the institutional and individual levels for countless abuses committed across decades—not during interrogations of enemy agents or in wartime situations, but during ordinary medical treatments, inside prison hospitals, addiction clinics, and juvenile detention facilities, and in many cases led by top figures in the field of the behavioral sciences. Despite the Agency’s efforts to erase this hidden history, the documents that survived this purge and that have been gathered together here present a compelling and unsettling narrative of the CIA’s decades-long effort to discover and test ways to erase and re-program the human mind.

The bulk of these records were drawn from records compiled by John Marks, the former State Department official who filed the first Freedom of Information Act requests on the subject and whose 1979 book, The Search for the “Manchurian Candidate”: The CIA and Mind Control: The Secret History of the Behavioral Sciences (New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 1979) remains the single most important source on this episode. Marks later donated his FOIA documents and other research papers to the National Security Archive....
The legacy of MKULTRA goes far beyond the various “subprojects” described in these documents and that were largely shut down by the mid-1970s. As author Stephen Kinzer points out, the CIA’s behavior control research programs “contributed decisively to the development of techniques that Americans and their allies used at detention centers in Vietnam, Latin America, Afghanistan, Iraq, Guantanamo Bay, and secret prisons around the world.” MKULTRA techniques were cited in the CIA’s 1963 KUBARK interrogation manual that was the basis for prisoner interrogations in Vietnam and later in anti-communist dictatorships in Latin America.[1]

While many of the MKULTRA projects were conducted in hospitals, laboratories, or other institutional settings, others were carried out in clandestine CIA safehouses staffed not by doctors or clinicians but by hard-nosed federal narcotics agents like George Hunter White. Under the direction of Gottlieb, White adopted the persona of a bohemian artist named “Morgan Hall” to lure unsuspecting victims to his “pad” where he and his CIA collaborators secretly experimented on them and recorded their behavior. An OSS veteran who had worked on “truth drug” development for the Army in World War II, White surreptitiously dosed many of his victims with LSD, a drug that the CIA had in abundance thanks to Eli Lilly, which had developed the capacity to produce the drug in “tonnage quantities” and had agreed to become the Agency’s supplier. Gottlieb, his deputy Robert Lashbrook, and CIA psychologist John Gittinger are among the CIA officials who frequently visited White’s safehouses....

Although MKULTRA was approved at the highest levels, it operated with virtually no oversight. As Marks notes, the initial MKULTRA budget authorization “exempted the program from the normal CIA financial controls” and “allowed TSS to start up research projects ‘without the signing of the usual contracts or other written agreements.’”[3] With little accountability, boundless resources, and the backing of CIA covert operations chief Richard Helms, Gottlieb and his staff at TSS developed a series of bizarre experiments that they believed would enhance covert intelligence operations while at the same time improving the Agency’s defenses against the use of similar techniques by enemy forces.
By the time Gottlieb arrived at CIA in 1952, Project BLUEBIRD, which explored “the possibility of control of an individual by application of Special Interrogation techniques,” was already well underway.[4] Led by Office of Security chief Morse Allen, the early BLUEBIRD experiments were performed by teams that included polygraph experts and psychologists and were conducted on detainees and suspected informants at secret U.S. interrogation facilities in Japan and Germany.

The elevation of Allen Dulles to deputy director of central intelligence in 1951 led to an expansion of BLUEBIRD programs under a new name, ARTICHOKE, and under the direction of Gottlieb at TSS. The new program was to include, among other projects, the development of “gas guns” and “poisons,” and experiments to test whether “monotonous sounds,” “concussion,” “electroshock,” and “induced sleep” could be used as a means to gain “hypnotic control of an individual.”[5]

It was under ARTICHOKE that the Agency first began to more systematically recruit the top researchers and court the most prestigious institutions to collaborate in its mind control research. One of the first to participate was the deputy director of Boston Psychopathic Hospital, Dr. Robert Hyde, who in 1949 was the first American to “trip” on LSD after the hospital acquired samples of the drug from Sandoz laboratory in Switzerland. In 1952, the CIA began to fund the hospital’s LSD research, under which Hyde used himself, his colleagues, student volunteers, and hospital patients as his subjects. Hyde would work on four MKULTRA subprojects over the next decade.

Shortly after Dulles became DCI in 1953, he authorized MKULTRA, expanding the Agency’s behavior control research and refocusing it on the development of “a capability in the covert use of biological and chemical materials” in “present and future clandestine operations.”[6] Many of the 149 MKULTRA subprojects were carried out through well-regarded universities like Cornell, Georgetown, Rutgers, Illinois, and Oklahoma. Dr. Carl Pfeiffer, the chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of Emory University, directed four MKULTRA subprojects, all of which involved the use of drugs, including LSD, to induce psychotic states. The horrifying series of experiments left many of his subjects—including prisoners at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary and juveniles housed at a detention facility in Bordentown, New Jersey—scarred for life.

Many other MKULTRA subprojects were established through grants from false foundations funded by the CIA. One of these, the Geschickter Fund for Medical Research, run by Dr. Charles Geschickter, a professor of pathology at Georgetown University, steered millions of CIA dollars into research programs at Georgetown and other institutions. As part of the agreement, the CIA gained access to a medical safehouse at the newly constructed Gorman Annex of Georgetown University Hospital along with a ready supply of patients and students to use as subjects for MKULTRA experiments.

Another prominent MKULTRA “cutout” foundation, the Human Ecology Society, was run by Cornell Medical Center neurologist Dr. Harold Wolff, who wrote an early study of communist brainwashing techniques for Allen Dulles and later partnered with the CIA to develop a combination of drugs and sensory deprivation that could be used to erase the human mind. Among the most extreme MKULTRA projects funded through Wolff’s group were the infamous “depatterning” experiments conducted by Dr. D. Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute, a psychiatric hospital at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Cameron’s methods combined induced sleep, electroshocks, and “psychic driving,” under which drugged subjects were psychologically tortured for weeks or months in an effort to reprogram their minds.

These records also shed light on an especially dark period in the history of the behavioral sciences in which some of the top physicians in the field conducted research and experiments usually associated with the Nazi doctors who were tried at Nuremberg. While some medical professionals engaged by the CIA apparently struggled with the ethical issues raised by conducting harmful tests on unwitting human subjects, others were eager to participate in a program in which, according to one 1953 memo, “no area of the human mind is to be left unexplored.”[7] Just as CIA psychologists later oversaw the torture of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and at CIA “black sites,” during the first decades of the 21st century, many of the doctors and clinicians recruited for MKULTRA work were leaders in the field, whose participation boosted the prestige of the program and drew others into it. Scholars and researchers looking at the involvement of psychologists and other medical professionals in the horrific U.S. detention and interrogation programs that have been exposed in recent years will find parallels and historical antecedents throughout this collection....
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/dnsa-intelligence/2024-12-23/cia-behavior-control-experiments-focus-new-scholarly 

Digital National Security Archive (DNSA): CIA and the Behavioral Sciences: Mind Control, Drug Experiments and MKULTRA
This collection explores the Central Intelligence Agency’s foray into behavioral and mind control experiments in the 1950s and 1960s. Most commonly known as Project MKULTRA, which refers to the research carried out by the CIA and affiliated institutions between 1953-1963, this codename came to be used as an umbrella term for an array of scientific, psychological, and military endeavors that began well before the official start of MKULTRA in 1953 and that continued in the years after the project officially ended. In this collection, researchers will find many documents relating to MKULTRA as well as its predecessors, Project BLUEBIRD and Project ARTICHOKE, and its various sister projects and successors, including MKNAOMI, MKDELTA and MKSEARCH. This collection also contains records relating to investigations into the CIA’s mind control program, both by the Agency itself and Congress, during the mid to late 1970s. The set has been carefully curated to highlight the clearest, most substantive documents available on MKULTRA and to focus on those records that provide insight into the scope and purpose of the Agency’s mind control program.

Most of the documents were donated to the National Security Archive by John Marks, the author of The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, a book widely considered to be the most authoritative recounting of the CIA’s involvement in behavior and mind control experiments. They consist primarily of CIA records Marks obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. Another source for the collection are documents that the CIA released to the family of Frank Olson, an Army biochemist who died in 1953 after he was secretly administered LSD by a CIA employee and then fell from a 10th-story window.

 

Congressional hearings and testimony and the CIA’s reading room were also researched to supplement the collection.  https://proquest.libguides.com/dnsa/64 

CIA’s 1963 KUBARK interrogation manual
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB27/docs/doc01.pdf 

Deposition of Sidney Gottlieb, PhD, in Civil Action No. 80-3163, Mrs. David Orlikow, et al., Plaintiffs, vs. United States of America, Defendant, May 17, 1983, 174 pp.  Date  May 17, 1983
Description
This is the second of three depositions of Sidney Gottlieb by attorneys representing Velma "Val" Orlikow, a former patient of the Allan Memorial Institute, where CIA-backed staff performed horrific experiments on psychiatric patients during the 1950s and 60s.

Asked whether he was involved in “domestic field experimentation” with LSD, Gottlieb said, “If by what you mean ‘field experimentation’, is experiments that involve – that are taking place outside of Washington, D.C., and if by my personal involvement, you mean, was I aware of them or did I have something to do with their instigation, the answer is yes.” When Gottlieb is shown a document indicating that he had personally conducted an interrogation, he claims confusion before admitting that he had indeed been involved in “between one and five” interrogations.....
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/32736-document-20-deposition-sidney-gottlieb-phd-civil-action-no-80-3163-mrs-david-orlikow

Government secret drug experiments on vets, MKULTRA, Project Paperclip, Edgewood

Vets feel abandoned after secret drug experiments
By David S. Martin, CNN March 1, 2012

....From 1955 to 1975, military researchers at Edgewood were using not only animals but human subjects to test a witches' brew of drugs and chemicals. They ranged from potentially lethal nerve gases like VX and sarin to incapacitating agents like BZ

....The military also tested tear gas, barbiturates, tranquilizers, narcotics and hallucinogens like LSD

....This top secret Cold War research program initially looked for ways to defend against a chemical or biological attack by the Soviet Union, thought to be far ahead of the United States in "psycho-chemical" warfare. But the research expanded into offensive chemical weapons, including one that could, according to one Army film obtained by CNN, deliver a "veritable chemical ambush" against an enemy. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/01/health/human-test-subjects/index.html



UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

OAKLAND DIVISION VIETNAM VETERANS OF AMERICA, a Non-Profit Corporation;

SWORDS TO PLOWSHARES: VETERANS RIGHTS ORGANIZATION, a California Non-Profit Corporation; BRUCE PRICE;

FRANKLIN D. ROCHELLE; LARRY MEIROW; ERIC P. MUTH; DAVID C. DUFRANE; TIM MICHAEL JOSEPHS; and WILLIAM BLAZINSKI, individually, on behalf of
themselves and all others similarly situated,
Plaintiffs,

v.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY; LEON PANETTA, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency;

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE; DR. ROBERT M. GATES, Secretary of Defense;

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY; PETE GEREN, United States Secretary of the
Army; UNITED STATE S OF AMERICA; ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., Attorney General of the United States;

Case No. CV 09-0037-CW THIRD AMENDED
COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF UNDER UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND FEDERAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS (Class Action) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS
AFFAIRS; and ERIC K. SHINSEKI, UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, Defendants.

excerpts:

This action chronicles a chilling tale of human experimentation, covert military operations, and heretofore unchecked abuses of power by our own government. Ironically, one of the main facilitating events for this debacle was action by a court. In 1950, during the height of
the Cold War, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in Feres v. United States, 340 U.S. 135 (1950) (hereafter, “Feres”), which in effect ruled that the government is immune from damages claims brought by Armed Forces personnel arising from DEFENDANTS’ own torts.

The Supreme Court’s decision to absolve DEFENDANTS of legal responsibility for damages caused by the tortious acts committed by the government upon our nation’s military personnel quickly led DEFENDANTS to undertake an expansive, multi-faceted program of secret experimentation on human subjects, diverting our own troops from military assignments for use as test subjects. In virtually all cases, troops served in the same capacity as laboratory rats or guinea pigs.

DEFENDANTS were able to capitalize on the inherently coercive relationship of a soldier’s commanding officers to their soldiers, as military orders can be enforced by a strong set of formal and informal sanctions or punishment.

In 1942, the War Department — the present day Department of Defense (“DOD”) — authorized the first experiment on military personnel which used mustard gas, and various additional experiments were conducted during and following World War II. Beginning in the early 1950s, the human experiment program was greatly expanded, as the Central Intelligence Agency (“CIA”) and United States Army planned, organized and executed an extensive series of experiments involving potential chemical and biological weapons.

The CIA also sponsored human drug experimentation by the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (“FBN”), now the Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”). This vast program of human experimentation — shrouded in secrecy — was centered at the Army’s compounds at Edgewood Arsenal and Fort Detrick, Maryland. The human experimentation was conducted without the informed consent of
its subjects and in direct contravention of applicable legal standards and principles of international law.

Representatives of DEFENDANTS had also, on many occasions, promised the test participants (“volunteers”) that they would receive medals for volunteering, as well as health
care, but they instead abandoned Plaintiffs and the other participants, hiding behind the insulating walls of government bureaucracies and security classifications. Indeed, DEFENDANTS actively concealed the existence of the human experimentation tests and the test results from the outside world, and destroyed most of the documentation of the tests once their existence began to leak....

DEFENDANTS used at least 7,800 armed services personnel in the experimentation program at the Edgewood Arsenal alone....

The experiments involving human subjects were one of the key beneficiaries of the recruitment of over 1,500 scientists and technicians from Nazi Germany in “Project Paperclip,” some of whom played a pivotal role in, e.g., the testing of psychochemicals and development of a new truth serum. Over half of these recruits had been members of the SS or Nazi Party. The “Paperclip” name was chosen because so many of the employment applications were clipped to
immigration papers....

That study identified numerous contracts from 1958 to 1965 between DEFENDANTS and outside research institutions, including multiple contracts (for tens of thousands of dollars) with the University of California, the Regents of the University of California, and with Stanford Research Institute, which was founded in 1946 by the trustees of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California....

Yet, despite the CIA’s repeated representations over multiple decades that they could not find any living persons who participated in Edgewood experiments and others, the CIA had in fact secretly obtained a “large data base” from Edgewood Arsenal in 1974, which contained the
names and personal information of all the “volunteers.” Currently, at a point in time 35 years later, the DOD claims to be still working to compile a registry of participants and does not expect to complete work until 2011....

The vast majority of Edgewood participants have never received any notice from DEFENDANTS and at most a small handful have ever received any health care or compensation from DEFENDANTS associated with their participation in the MKULTRA experiments....

On or around April 13, 1953, CIA Director Allen Dulles approved Helms’s proposal and a covert CIA mind-control and chemical interrogation research program known as “MKULTRA” was created. (Memorandum from Allen Dulles, Dir. of Cent. Intelligence, to Deputy Dir. of Admin. (Apr. 13, 1953); see Exh. B at B-038-B-039; see also Exh. B at B-040.)

“Through the course of MKULTRA, CIA sponsored numerous experiments on unwitting humans.” (The Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE), Interim Report of ACHRE (Oct. 21, 1994) at App. E.) MKULTRA testing was conducted at Edgewood Arsenal together with other sites such as Fort McClellan, Alabama, Fort Benning, Georgia, and Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The CIA also contracted with Fort Detrick, which conducted a series of experiments using human subjects, one of which was known as “Project White Coat.”

116. The MKULTRA projects were under the control of the Chemical Division, within the Technical Services Division of the CIA. Beginning in 1951, Dr. Sidney Gottlieb became the director of the Chemical Division. During testimony he gave to Congress in 1977, Dr. Gottlieb claimed that the creation of MKULTRA was inspired by reports of mind-control work in the Soviet Union and China. He stated that the mission was “to investigate whether and how it was possible to modify an individual’s behavior by covert means.” (Human Drug Testing by the CIA, 1977: Hearings on S. 1893 Before the Subcomm. on Health and Scientific Research of the S. Comm. on Human Resources, 95th Cong. (1977) at 169.)....

MKULTRA, the “funding vehicle,” soon established over 149 subprojects that involved experiments using drugs on human behavior, lie detectors, hypnosis, and electric shock. The CIA also enlisted the cooperation of over 44 colleges and universities, 15 research foundations, 12 clinics or hospitals, and 3 prisons. The CIA established front organizations to channel funds to institutions conducting or assisting in the experiments using benign, descriptive names such as the “Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology.”....

The CIA also financed studies by Dr. D. Ewen Cameron at the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, in the 1950s, which explored methods to erase memory and rewrite the psyche, using patients being treated for conditions such as post-partum depression, marital problems, and anxiety.

Dr. Cameron used a combination of intense electro-shocks,
sensory deprivation, isolation, drugs such as LSD and insulin (to induce extended sleep). Eventually, the subjects regressed to a vegetative, pre-verbal or infantile state. Once this “depatterning” had occurred, Dr. Cameron forced patients to listen to repetitive pre-recorded messages that contained principles intended to guide future behavior such as, “You are a good mother,” which he referred to as “psychic driving.” Most of Dr. Cameron’s patients emerged
from his therapies with more serious symptoms and problems, including memory loss, hallucinations, intense anxiety, and loss of touch with reality....

The final step in the “research and development sequence” was to “deliver[] MKULTRA materials into the MKDELTA control system governing their employment in clandestine operations.” (Exh. B at B-015.) “The final stage of covert testing of materials on unwitting subjects is clearly the most sensitive aspect of MKULTRA.” (Exh. B at B-016.)
“Present practice is to maintain no records of the planning and approval of test programs.” (Exh. B at B-016.)....

Under MKULTRA and its progeny, at least 1,000 “volunteers” were given up to 20 doses of LSD to test the drug as an interrogation weapon, even though the tests were known by Edgewood scientists to result in serious physical and psychological problems....

Some of the experiments at Edgewood and other sites were designed to replicate some of those that were conducted by Nazi doctors in concentration camps. American psychiatrist Paul Hoch’s experiments on mental patients in New York, where he was working on Edgewood projects supervised by DEFENDANTS and as a CIA consultant, killed one patient with a mescaline injection (Harold Blauer) and seriously injured another. As the federal judge concluded in a case brought by Mr. Blauer’s daughter, “the real reason Blauer died was not medical incompetence in the administration of a therapeutic or diagnostic drug, but the fact that he was used as a human guinea pig.” Barrett v. United States, 660 F. Supp. 1291, 1308 (S.D.N.Y. 1987). MKULTRA’s experiments also resulted in the death of Frank Olson, an Army scientist who mysteriously fell out of a hotel window after members of the CIA secretly slipped LSD into his drink....

Documents from the CIA’s “Family Jewels” declassified file establish that drugs that had been rejected by private manufacturers were tested on soldiers at Edgewood....

DEFENDANTS changed the program name from MKULTRA to MKSEARCH after release of the CIA IG’s 1963 Report, which was highly critical of MKULTRA;

b. the OFTEN and CHICKWIT projects, jointly conducted by the Army and CIA at the Edgewood Arsenal, but also funded by the CIA, which involved the collection of information about foreign pharmaceuticals and experiments with human subjects;

c. the BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE projects, where DEFENDANTS researched hypnosis, drugs such as sodium pentothal, the stimulant Desoxyn (methamphetamine), and bulbocapnine (an alkaloid), which facilitate recovery of information under hypnosis, and other substances that might aid in the interrogation of prisoners of war and defectors;

d. the MKDELTA project, a mind control research and development program devised by DEFENDANTS that concentrated upon the use of biochemicals in clandestine operations;

e. the MKNAOMI project, a successor to MKDELTA, which focused on the research, testing, manufacture and means of diffusion or distribution of lethal and non-lethal
biological agents and materials;

f. the CHATTER project, which focused on the development and use of truth serum and other interrogation drugs such as anabasis, aphylla, scopolamine, and mescaline; and g. a series of related or follow-on projects with code names including “PANDORA,” “SPELLBINDER,” “MONARCH,” “SLEEPING BEAUTY,” as well as others....


148. The MKULTRA and MKSEARCH project sponsors operated “safe houses” in New York City and San Francisco, where drugs were surreptitiously administered to human subjects lured to the site by prostitutes, and the effects were witnessed and/or recorded on film as part of Subprojects 3, 16, 42, 132, and 149....

DEFENDANTS formally launched Sub-Project 119 in 1960, the purpose of which was to research, study, and interpret “bioelectric signals from the human organism, and activation of human behavior by remote means.” (Memorandum for the Record re MKLUTRA Subproject 119 from Technical Servs. Div., Research Branch, CIA (Aug. 17, 1960).)....

150. Dr. Jose Delgado began to research the use of pain and pleasure for mind control during WWII. Later, as Director of Neuropsychiatry at Yale University Medical School, he refined the design of his “transdermal stimulator,” a computer controlled, remote neurologic transceiver and aversion stimulator.

Dr. Delgado was especially interested in Electronic Stimulation of the Brain. Dr. Delgado discovered that he could wield enormous power over his subject by implanting a small probe into the brain. Using a device he called the “stimoceiver,” which operated by FM radio waves, he was able to electrically orchestrate a wide range of human emotions, including rage, pleasant sensations, elation, deep thoughtful concentration, odd feelings, super relaxation (an essential precursor for deep hypnosis), colored visions or hallucinations, lust, fatigue and various other responses.

Dr. Delgado researched and perfected many of his devices under the auspices of MKULTRA Sub-Project 95, in which he was joined by

Dr. Louis Jolyon West, who had mastered a technology called “RHIC-EDOM.” RHIC means “Radio Hypnotic Intracerebral Control,” and EDOM means “Electronic Dissolution of Memory.”

These implants could be stimulated to induce a post-hypnotic state. EDOM involves the creation of “Missing Time” or the loss of memory....

From 1965 through to 1970, Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA), with up to 70-80% funding provided by the military, set in motion operation PANDORA to study the health and psychological effects of low intensity microwaves with regard to the so-called “Moscow signal.”....http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2012/images/02/15/complaint.pdf





SECRET Cq U. S. Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratories Technical Report....May 1964....EDGEWOOD ARSENAL, MD BZ study http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2012/images/02/15/bz.study.pdf


U. S. Army Iy Chemical Research and Development Laboratories Technical Report...Edgewood Arsenal GROUP

4....THE HUMAN ASSESSMENT OF EA 1729 AND EA 3528 BY THE INHALATION ROUTE (U)....A study of the inhalation effectiveness of agent EA 1729 (d-,kl agent EA 1729 (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) and its maleate salt was conducted in which retaineded in which retained doses ranging from 0. 3 to 7. 8 jg/kg were administered to 60 military volunts 60 military volunteers

....In a series of field trials in 1958, volunteers at Fort Bragg, N. C., were assigned a variety of team missions to be carried out after the ingescion of 150 jig/man of LSD25. These tasks included reporting of meteorological information, fire direction control, artillery control surveying, and antiaircraft tracking, In these cases, the dose given resulted in loss of effectiveness sufficient to constitute failure in the mission, as judged by XVIII Airborne Corps evaluation teams.

(C) In the 1961 report, summarizing the results of these and other clinical studies of the effectiveness of LSD25, the author concluded that incapacitation by the oral route could be achieved with doses as low as I ig/kg. http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2012/images/02/15/human.test.subjects.-.edgewood.ketchum.lsd.study.pdf